ifup (激活網絡接口，使其可用于傳輸和接收數據)

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命令行 Unix&Linux命令 ifup

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在某些類似Unix的操作系統上，ifup會激活網絡接口，使其可用于傳輸和接收數據。

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1 ifup 運行系統環境

2 ifup 語法

3 ifup 例子

ifup 運行系統環境

Unix&Linux

ifup 語法

ifup [-nv] [--no-act] [--verbose] [-i FILE|--interfaces=FILE]
     [--allow CLASS] -a|IFACE...

ifup -h|--help

ifup -V|--version

ifdown [-nv] [--no-act] [--verbose] [-i FILE|--interfaces=FILE]
       [--allow CLASS] -a|IFACE...

ifquery [-nv] [--no-act] [--verbose] [-i FILE|--interfaces=FILE]
        [--allow CLASS] -a|IFACE...

ifquery -l|--list [-nv] [--no-act] [--verbose] [-i FILE|--interfaces=FILE]
        [--allow CLASS] -a|IFACE...

技術說明

所述的ifup和ifdown你命令可以被用于配置網絡接口基于所述文件的接口定義的/ etc /network/interfaces。

該ifquery命令用于解析接口的配置數據。

選件

-a，--all	如果提供給ifup，則影響標記為auto的所有接口。按照在/ etc / network / interfaces中定義的順序啟動接口。與--allow結合使用，將改為作用于指定類的所有接口。如果給ifdown，則影響所有定義的接口。按狀態文件在狀態文件中當前列出的順序關閉接口。僅關閉/ etc / network / interfaces中定義的接口。
--force	強制配置或取消配置接口。
-h，--help	顯示選項摘要。
--allow =CLASS	僅允許對/ etc / network / interfaces中allow-CLASS行中列出的接口進行操作。
-i FILE，-- interfaces = FILE	從FILE而不是/ etc / network / interfaces讀取接口定義。
-X PATTERN，-- exclude =PATTERN	從接口列表中排除要由PATTERN操作的接口。PATTERN使用通常的shell glob語法。如果不使用外殼通配符，則它必須與確切的接口名稱匹配。可以多次指定此選項，從而導致排除多個模式。
-o OPTION = VALUE	將OPTION設置為VALUE，就像在/ etc / network / interfaces中一樣。
-n，--no-ACT	不要配置任何接口或運行任何“上”或“下”命令。
--no-mappings	不要運行任何映射。有關映射功能的更多信息，請參見接口。
--no-scripts	不要在*/etc/network/if-.d/**下運行任何腳本
-V，-- version	顯示版權和版本信息。
-v，--verbose	在執行命令時顯示命令。
-l，--list	對于ifquery，列出與指定類匹配的所有接口。如果未指定任何類，則打印列為auto的所有接口。

檔案

/ etc / network / interfaces	網絡接口的定義。
/run/network/ ifstate	網絡接口的當前狀態。

已知局限性

該程序會記錄網絡接口是打開還是關閉。在特殊情況下，這些記錄可能與接口的實際狀態不一致。例如，使用ifup調出并隨后使用ifconfig取消配置的接口仍將記錄為up。要解決此問題，可以使用--force選項強制ifup或ifdown運行配置或取消配置命令，盡管它認為接口的當前狀態是什么。

文件/ run / network / ifstate必須是可寫的，ifup或ifdown才能正常工作。如果該位置不可寫（例如，由于根文件系統以只讀方式安裝，以進行系統恢復），則應將/ run / network / ifstate設為指向可寫位置的符號鏈接。如果無法做到這一點，則可以使用--force選項運行配置或取消配置命令，而無需更新文件。

需要注意的是該程序沒有自動運行：ifup的本身并不能帶來了出現作為的結果界面硬件被安裝和ifdown你本身并不能打倒那個消失硬件的結果中移除接口。要自動配置網絡接口，您需要安裝其他軟件包，例如udev或ifplugd。

ifup [-nv] [--no-act] [--verbose] [-i FILE|--interfaces=FILE]
     [--allow CLASS] -a|IFACE...

ifup -h|--help

ifup -V|--version

ifdown [-nv] [--no-act] [--verbose] [-i FILE|--interfaces=FILE]
       [--allow CLASS] -a|IFACE...

ifquery [-nv] [--no-act] [--verbose] [-i FILE|--interfaces=FILE]
        [--allow CLASS] -a|IFACE...

ifquery -l|--list [-nv] [--no-act] [--verbose] [-i FILE|--interfaces=FILE]
        [--allow CLASS] -a|IFACE...

Technical Description

The ifup and ifdown commands may be used to configure network interfaces based on interface definitions in the file /etc/network/interfaces.

The ifquery command is used to parse interface configuration data.

Options

-a, --all	If given to ifup, affect all interfaces marked auto. Interfaces are brought up in the order in which they are defined in /etc/network/interfaces. Combined with --allow, acts on all interfaces of a specified class instead. If given to ifdown, affect all defined interfaces. Interfaces are brought down in the order in which they are currently listed in the state file. Only interfaces defined in /etc/network/interfaces will be brought down.
--force	Force configuration or deconfiguration of the interface.
-h, --help	Show summary of options.
--allow=CLASS	Only allow interfaces listed in an allow-CLASS line in /etc/network/interfaces to be acted upon.
-i FILE, --interfaces=FILE	Read interface definitions from FILE instead of from /etc/network/interfaces.
-X PATTERN, --exclude=PATTERN	Exclude interfaces from the list of interfaces to operate on by the PATTERN. PATTERN uses a usual shell glob syntax. If shell wildcards are not used, it must match the exact interface name. This option may be specified multiple times resulting in more than one pattern being excluded.
-o OPTION=VALUE	Set OPTION to VALUE as though it were in /etc/network/interfaces.
-n, --no-act	Don't configure any interfaces or run any "up" or "down" commands.
--no-mappings	Don't run any mappings. See interfaces for more information about the mapping feature.
--no-scripts	Don't run any scripts under */etc/network/if-.d/**
-V, --version	Show Copyright and version information.
-v, --verbose	Show commands as they are executed.
-l, --list	For ifquery, list all the interfaces which match the specified class. If no class specified, prints all the interfaces listed as auto.

Files

/etc/network/interfaces	definitions of network interfaces.
/run/network/ifstate	current state of network interfaces.

Known Limitations

The program keeps records of whether network interfaces are up or down. Under exceptional circumstances these records can become inconsistent with the real states of the interfaces. For example, an interface that was brought up using ifup and later deconfigured using ifconfig will still be recorded as up. To fix this you can use the --force option to force ifup or ifdown to run configuration or deconfiguration commands despite what it considers the current state of the interface to be.

The file /run/network/ifstate must be writable for ifup or ifdown to work properly. If that location is not writable (for example, because the root filesystem is mounted read-only for system recovery) then /run/network/ifstate should be made a symbolic link to a writable location. If that is not possible then you can use the --force option to run configuration or deconfiguration commands without updating the file.

Note that the program does not run automatically: ifup alone does not bring up interfaces that appear as a result of hardware being installed and ifdown alone does not bring down interfaces that disappear as a result of hardware being removed. To automate the configuration of network interfaces you need to install other packages such as udev or ifplugd.

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ifup 例子

ifup -a

在/ etc / network / interfaces中調出所有用auto定義的接口

ifup eth0

調出接口eth0

ifup eth0=home

將接口eth0設為邏輯接口home

ifdown -a

斷開當前所有的接口。

ifquery -l

打印用auto關鍵字指定的所有接口的名稱。

ifquery -l --allow=hotplug

打印用allow-hotplug關鍵字指定的所有接口的名稱。

ifquery eth0

顯示在ifupdown配置中指定的接口選項。每個鍵值對都使用“ ： ”作為分隔符打印在單獨的行上。

ifup -a

Bring up all the interfaces defined with auto in /etc/network/interfaces

ifup eth0

Bring up interface eth0

ifup eth0=home

Bring up interface eth0 as logical interface home

ifdown -a

Bring down all interfaces that are currently up.

ifquery -l

Print names of all interfaces specified with the auto keyword.

ifquery -l --allow=hotplug

Print names of all interfaces specified with the allow-hotplug keyword.

ifquery eth0

Display the interface options as specified in the ifupdown configuration. Each key-value pair is printed out on individual line using ": " as separator.

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其他命令行

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