pine (用于訪問電子郵件和新聞組的程序)

瑞茲發(fā)表于 2020-11-10 10:12

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命令行 Unix&Linux命令 pine

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在類似Unix的操作系統(tǒng)上，pine是用于訪問電子郵件和新聞組的程序。

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1 pine 運(yùn)行系統(tǒng)環(huán)境

2 pine 描述

3 pine 語法

4 pine 例子

pine 運(yùn)行系統(tǒng)環(huán)境

Linux

pine 描述

pine是一種面向屏幕的消息處理工具。在其默認(rèn)配置中，pine提供了專門針對新手的有限功能集，但它的可選高級用戶和個人偏好功能列表也不斷增加。pine的基本功能集包括：

查看，保存，導(dǎo)出，刪除，打印，回復(fù)和轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)消息。
使用自動換行和拼寫檢查器在簡單的編輯器（pico）中編寫消息。消息可能會推遲到以后完成。
全屏選擇和管理郵件文件夾。
通訊簿可保存長地址或常用地址的列表。可以定義個人分發(fā)列表。地址可以從傳入的郵件中放入地址簿，而無需重新輸入。
新郵件檢查和通知會自動發(fā)生。
上下文相關(guān)的幫助屏幕。

pine支持MIME（多用途Internet郵件擴(kuò)展），它是一種Internet標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，用于表示電子郵件中的多部分和多媒體數(shù)據(jù)。pine允許您將MIME對象保存到文件中，并且在某些情況下，還可以啟動正確的程序來查看該對象。它使用系統(tǒng)的mailcap配置文件來確定哪些程序可以處理特定的MIME對象類型。pine的消息編寫器本身不具有多媒體功能，但是可以將任何類型的數(shù)據(jù)文件（包括多媒體）附加到文本消息中，并使用MIME的編碼規(guī)則進(jìn)行發(fā)送。這允許具有MIME功能的郵件軟件的任何個人通過Internet電子郵件交換格式化的文檔，電子表格，圖像文件等。

pine使用“ c-client”消息傳遞API來訪問本地和遠(yuǎn)程郵件文件夾。該庫提供了各種低級消息處理功能，包括使用IMAP（Internet消息訪問協(xié)議）和NNTP（網(wǎng)絡(luò)新聞）訪問各種不同郵件文件格式的驅(qū)動程序，以及訪問遠(yuǎn)程郵件和新聞服務(wù)器的例程。傳輸協(xié)議）。外發(fā)郵件通常會移交給sendmail程序，但可以選擇直接通過SMTP發(fā)布。

pine is a screen-oriented message-handling tool. In its default configuration, pine offers an intentionally limited set of functions geared toward the novice user, but it also has a growing list of optional power-user and personal-preference features. pine's basic feature set includes:

View, Save, Export, Delete, Print, Reply and Forward messages.
Compose messages in a simple editor (pico) with word-wrap and a spelling checker. Messages may be postponed for later completion.
Full-screen selection and management of message folders.
Address book to keep a list of long or frequently-used addresses. Personal distribution lists may be defined. Addresses may be taken into the address book from incoming mail without retyping them.
New mail checking and notification occurs automatically.
Context-sensitive help screens.

pine supports MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions), an Internet Standard for representing multipart and multimedia data in email. pine allows you to save MIME objects to files, and in some cases, can also initiate the correct program for viewing the object. It uses the system's mailcap configuration file to determine what program can process a particular MIME object type. pine's message composer does not have multimedia capability itself, but any type of data file (including multimedia) can be attached to a text message and sent using MIME's encoding rules. This allows any group of individuals with MIME-capable mail software to exchange formatted documents, spread-sheets, image files, etc, via Internet email.

pine uses the "c-client" messaging API to access local and remote mail folders. This library provides a variety of low-level message-handling functions, including drivers for a variety of different mail file formats, as well as routines to access remote mail and news servers, using IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol) and NNTP (Network News Transport Protocol). Outgoing mail is usually handed off to the sendmail program but it can optionally be posted directly via SMTP.

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pine 語法

pine [options] [address, address]

選件

address	發(fā)送郵件到地址。這將導(dǎo)致pine直接進(jìn)入消息編輯器。
-attach file	發(fā)送帶有列出的文件作為附件的郵件。
-attachlist file-list	發(fā)送帶有列出的文件列表作為附件的郵件。
-attach_and_delete file	發(fā)送帶有列出的文件作為附件的郵件，并在發(fā)送消息后刪除該文件。
-aux local_directory	當(dāng)使用遠(yuǎn)程配置（-p ）時，它將告訴pine用于存儲輔助文件的本地目錄，例如調(diào)試文件，地址簿和簽名文件。
-bail	如果pinerc文件（pine的配置文件）不存在，則退出。如果使用某些遠(yuǎn)程文件系統(tǒng)協(xié)議訪問配置文件，則此選項(xiàng)可能很有用。如果缺少遠(yuǎn)程安裝，這將導(dǎo)致pine退出而不是創(chuàng)建新的pinerc。
-c context-number	上下文數(shù)目是對應(yīng)于所述數(shù)目的文件夾收集到的-f 命令行參數(shù)應(yīng)被應(yīng)用。缺省情況下，-f參數(shù)應(yīng)用于第一個定義的folder-collection。
-conf	在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)輸出上生成系統(tǒng)范圍的配置文件pine.conf的樣本/新副本。此選項(xiàng)不同于每個用戶的.pinerc文件。
-convert_sigs -p pinerc	將簽名文件轉(zhuǎn)換為文字簽名。該pinerc是您的pine配置文件的位置。
-copy_abook <local_book> <remote_book>	將本地通訊簿文件復(fù)制到遠(yuǎn)程通訊簿文件夾。
-copy_pinerc <local_pinerc> <remote_pinerc>	將本地pinerc文件復(fù)制到遠(yuǎn)程pinerc文件夾。
-create_lu addrbook sort-order	創(chuàng)建輔助索引（查找）文件addrbook和排序addrbook的排序順序，這可能是dont-sort，nickname，fullname，nickname-with-lists-last，還是fullname-with-lists-last。在創(chuàng)建全局或共享地址簿時很有用。以這種方式創(chuàng)建索引文件后，應(yīng)以保留地址簿文件的修改時間（mtime）的方式移動或復(fù)制該文件。在建立索引文件時，地址簿文件的mtime存儲在索引文件中，當(dāng)有人運(yùn)行pine時，將對存儲的值和地址簿文件的當(dāng)前mtime進(jìn)行比較。。如果自創(chuàng)建索引文件以來mtime發(fā)生了變化，則pine將要重建索引文件。換句話說，不要使用此選項(xiàng)構(gòu)建索引文件，然后以更改文件的mtime的方式將通訊簿復(fù)制到其最終目標(biāo)。
-d debug-level	在輸出診斷信息調(diào)試級（從數(shù)0 - 9到電流）.pine-debug[ 1 - 4 ]文件。值為0將關(guān)閉調(diào)試，并禁止顯示.pine-debug文件。
-d key[ = val ]	微調(diào)診斷消息的輸出，其中“flush”導(dǎo)致調(diào)試文件寫入而無需緩沖，“timestamp”在每條消息后面附加時間戳，“ imap = n ”，其中n在0到4之間，代表無詳細(xì)的IMAP遙測報告，“ numfiles = n “，其中n在0到31之間，對應(yīng)于要維護(hù)的調(diào)試文件的數(shù)量，以及” verbose = n “，其中n在0到9之間指示消息輸出的反閾值。
-f folder	打開文件夾（在第一個定義的文件夾集合中，使用-c n指定另一個集合）而不是INBOX。
-F file	打開命名的文本文件，然后使用pine的瀏覽器查看。
-h	顯示有效的命令行選項(xiàng)列表。
-i	在“文件夾索引”屏幕中啟動。
-I keystrokes	pine應(yīng)該在啟動時執(zhí)行的初始（逗號分隔列表）擊鍵。
-install	此選項(xiàng)使pine提示輸入一些基本設(shè)置信息，然后退出。
-k	將功能鍵用于命令。此選項(xiàng)與運(yùn)行命令“ pinef ”而不是運(yùn)行“ pine ”相同。
-n number	從當(dāng)前消息編號設(shè)置為number開始。
-o	打開第一個文件夾為只讀。
-p config-file	使用config-file作為個人配置文件，而不是默認(rèn)的.pinerc。
-P config-file	使用config-file作為配置文件，而不是默認(rèn)的系統(tǒng)范圍內(nèi)的配置文件pine.conf。
-pinerc file	將新的pinerc配置輸出到文件，保留用戶所做的變量設(shè)置。使用設(shè)置為“ - ”的文件使輸出進(jìn)入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)輸出。
-registry cmd	此選項(xiàng)影響pine的注冊表項(xiàng)的值。cmd的可能值是set，clear和dump。該集將始終根據(jù)其當(dāng)前設(shè)置重置pine的注冊表項(xiàng)。clear將清除注冊表值。clearsilent將靜默清除注冊表值。dump顯示當(dāng)前注冊表設(shè)置的值。請注意，dump命令當(dāng)前處于禁用狀態(tài)。沒有-registry選項(xiàng)，僅當(dāng)當(dāng)前未設(shè)置任何值時，pine才會將值寫入注冊表。
-r	使用受限/演示模式。pine只會向自己發(fā)送郵件，并且保存和導(dǎo)出之類的功能受到限制。
-sort order	按以下順序之一對FOLDER INDEX顯示進(jìn)行排序：arrival，data，subject，orderedsubj，thread，from，size，score，to，cc或reverse。到達(dá)順序是默認(rèn)設(shè)置。該OrderedSubj選擇模擬螺紋排序。通過添加/ reverse可以顛倒任何排序。反向本身與arrival/reverse相同。
-supported	某些選項(xiàng)可能不受支持，具體取決于pine的編譯方式。此選項(xiàng)是確定所使用的特定pine副本中支持哪些選項(xiàng)的方法。
-url url	打開給定的URL。不能與-f或-F選項(xiàng)一起使用。
-v	打印版本信息。
-version	與-v相同。
-x config	在config中使用配置異常。異常用于覆蓋特定平臺的默認(rèn)pinerc設(shè)置，可以是本地文件或遠(yuǎn)程文件夾。
-z	啟用^ Z和SIGTSTP 信號，以便pine可能會掛起。
-option=vale	將值分配給config選項(xiàng)選項(xiàng)，例如，-signature-file = sig1或-feature-list = bottom-at-bottom（注意：功能列表值是可加的）

組態(tài)

pine配置有多個級別。給定級別的配置值將覆蓋較低級別的相應(yīng)值。為了提高優(yōu)先級：

內(nèi)置默認(rèn)值。
系統(tǒng)范圍內(nèi)的pine.conf文件。
個人.pinerc文件（可以通過內(nèi)置的Setup / Config菜單設(shè)置。）
命令行選項(xiàng)。
系統(tǒng)范圍內(nèi)的pine.conf.fixed文件。

在較高優(yōu)先級文件中，配置值被相同選項(xiàng)的值替換的規(guī)則有一個例外：feature-list變量的值是可加的，但可以通過在值前面加“ no- ”來否定單個功能名稱。Unix pine還使用以下環(huán)境變量：

TERM	當(dāng)前端子規(guī)格。
DISPLAY	（確定pine是否可以顯示IMAGE附件。）
SHELL	當(dāng)前的外殼。（如果未設(shè)置，則默認(rèn)值為/ bin / sh。）
MAILCAPS	（以分號分隔的mailcap文件的路徑名列表）

檔案

/ usr / spool / mail / xxxx	傳入郵件的默認(rèn)文件夾。
?/mail	郵件文件夾的默認(rèn)目錄。
?/.addressbook	默認(rèn)地址簿文件。
?/ .addressbook.lu	默認(rèn)地址簿索引文件。
?/ .pine-debug[ 1 - 4 ]	用于調(diào)試的診斷日志。
?/ .pinerc	個人pine配置文件。
?/ .newsrc	新聞訂閱/狀態(tài)文件。
?/ .signature	默認(rèn)簽名文件。
?/ .mailcap	個人郵件功能文件。
?/ .mime.types	個人文件擴(kuò)展名到MIME類型的映射。
/ etc / mailcap	系統(tǒng)范圍的郵件功能文件。
/etc/mime.types	系統(tǒng)范圍的文件分機(jī)。到MIME類型的映射。
/usr/local/lib/pine.info	指向系統(tǒng)管理員的本地指針。
/usr/local/lib/pine.conf	系統(tǒng)范圍的配置文件。
/usr/local/lib/pine.conf.fixed	不可覆蓋的配置文件。
?/ .pine-interrupted-mail	消息已中斷。
?/ mail / postponed-msgs	對于延遲的郵件。
?/mail/sent-mail	外發(fā)郵件存檔（FCC）。
?/mail/saved-messages	保存消息的默認(rèn)目的地。

pine [options] [address, address]

Options

address	Send mail to address. This will cause pine to go directly into the message composer.
-attach file	Send mail with the listed file as an attachment.
-attachlist file-list	Send mail with the listed file-list as an attachments.
-attach_and_delete file	Send mail with the listed file as an attachment, and remove the file after the message is sent.
-aux local_directory	When using a remote configuration (-p ) this tells pine the local directory to use for storing auxiliary files, like debug files, address books, and signature files.
-bail	Exit if the pinerc file (pine's configuration file) does not exist. This option might be useful if the config file is accessed using some remote filesystem protocol. If the remote mount is missing this will cause pine to quit instead of creating a new pinerc.
-c context-number	context-number is the number corresponding to the folder-collection to which the -f command line argument should be applied. By default, the -f argument is applied to the first defined folder-collection.
-conf	Produce a sample/fresh copy of the system-wide configuration file, pine.conf, on the standard output. This option is distinct from the per-user .pinerc file.
-convert_sigs -p pinerc	Convert signature files into literal signatures. The pinerc is the location of your pine configuration file.
-copy_abook <local_book> <remote_book>	Copy the local address book file to a remote address book folder.
-copy_pinerc <local_pinerc> <remote_pinerc>	Copy the local pinerc file to a remote pinerc folder.
-create_lu addrbook sort-order	Creates auxiliary index (look-up) file for addrbook and sorts addrbook in sort-order, which may be dont-sort, nickname, fullname, nickname-with-lists-last, or fullname-with-lists-last. Useful when creating global or shared address books. After creating the index file in this way, the file should be moved or copied in a way which preserves the modification time (mtime) of the address book file. The mtime of the address book file at the time the index file was built is stored inside the index file and a comparison between that stored value and the current mtime of the address book file is done when somebody runs pine. If the mtime has changed since the index file was made, then pine will want to rebuild the index file. In other words, don't build the index file with this option and then copy the address book to its final destination in a way which changes the file's mtime.
-d debug-level	Output diagnostic info at debug-level (a number from 0-9) to the current .pine-debug[1-4] file. A value of 0 turns debugging off and suppresses the .pine-debug file.
-d key[=val]	Fine tuned output of diagnostic messages where "flush" causes debug file writing without buffering, "timestamp" appends each message with a timestamp, "imap=n" where n is between 0 and 4 representing none to verbose IMAP telemetry reporting, "numfiles=n" where n is between 0 and 31 corresponding to the number of debug files to maintain, and "verbose=n" where n is between 0 and 9 indicating an inverse threshold for message output.
-f folder	Open folder (in first defined folder collection, use -c n to specify another collection) instead of INBOX.
-F file	Open named text file and view with pine's browser.
-h	Display a list of valid command-line options.
-i	Start up in the FOLDER INDEX screen.
-I keystrokes	Initial (comma separated list of) keystrokes which pine should execute on startup.
-install	This option causes pine to prompt for some basic setup information, then exits.
-k	Use function keys for commands. This option is the same as running the command "pinef" instead of "pine".
-n number	Start up with current message-number set to number.
-o	Open first folder read-only.
-p config-file	Use config-file as the personal configuration file instead of the default .pinerc.
-P config-file	Use config-file as the configuration file instead of default system-wide configuration file pine.conf.
-pinerc file	Output fresh pinerc configuration to file, preserving the settings of variables that the user has made. Use file set to "-" to make output go to standard out.
-registry cmd	This option affects the values of pine's Registry entries. Possible values for cmd are set, clear, and dump. The set will always reset pine's Registry entries according to its current settings. clear will clear the Registry values. clearsilent will silently clear the Registry values. dump displays the values of current Registry settings. Note that the dump command is currently disabled. Without the -registry option, pine will write values into the Registry only if there currently aren't any values set.
-r	Use restricted/demo mode. pine will only send mail to itself and functions like save and export are restricted.
-sort order	Sort the FOLDER INDEX display in one of the following orders: arrival, date, subject, orderedsubj, thread, from, size, score, to, cc, or reverse. Arrival order is the default. The OrderedSubj choice simulates a threaded sort. Any sort may be reversed by adding /reverse to it. Reverse by itself is the same as arrival/reverse.
-supported	Some options may or may not be supported depending on how pine was compiled. This option is a way to determine which options are supported in the particular copy of pine you are using.
-url url	Open the given url. Cannot be used with -f or -F options.
-v	Print version information.
-version	Same as -v.
-x config	Use configuration exceptions in config. Exceptions are used to override your default pinerc settings for a particular platform, can be a local file or a remote folder.
-z	Enable ^Z and the SIGTSTP signal so pine may be suspended.
-option=value	Assign value to the config option option e.g., -signature-file=sig1 or -feature-list=signature-at-bottom (Note: feature-list values are additive)

Configuration

There are several levels of pine configuration. Configuration values at a given level over-ride corresponding values at lower levels. In order of increasing precedence:

built-in defaults
system-wide pine.conf file.
personal .pinerc file (may be set via built-in Setup/Config menu.)
command-line options.
system-wide pine.conf.fixed file.

There is one exception to the rule that configuration values are replaced by the value of the same option in a higher-precedence file: the feature-list variable has values that are additive, but can be negated by prepending "no-" in front of an individual feature name. Unix pine also uses the following environment variables:

TERM	Current terminal specification.
DISPLAY	(determines if pine can display IMAGE attachments.)
SHELL	The current shell. (if not set, default is /bin/sh.)
MAILCAPS	(semicolon-delimited list of path names to mailcap files)

Files

/usr/spool/mail/xxxx	Default folder for incoming mail.
~/mail	Default directory for mail folders.
~/.addressbook	Default address book file.
~/.addressbook.lu	Default address book index file.
~/.pine-debug[1-4]	Diagnostic log for debugging.
~/.pinerc	Personal pine config file.
~/.newsrc	News subscription/state file.
~/.signature	Default signature file.
~/.mailcap	Personal mail capabilities file.
~/.mime.types	Personal file extension to MIME type mapping.
/etc/mailcap	System-wide mail capabilities file.
/etc/mime.types	System-wide file ext. to MIME type mapping.
/usr/local/lib/pine.info	Local pointer to system administrator.
/usr/local/lib/pine.conf	System-wide configuration file.
/usr/local/lib/pine.conf.fixed	Non-overridable configuration file.
~/.pine-interrupted-mail	Message which was interrupted.
~/mail/postponed-msgs	For postponed messages.
~/mail/sent-mail	Outgoing message archive (FCC).
~/mail/saved-messages	Default destination for Saving messages.

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pine 例子

pine

發(fā)送pine。

pine address@ example.com

啟動pine，然后立即開始編寫一封地址為address@example.com的電子郵件。

pine

Launch pine.

pine address@example.com

Launch pine, and immediately begin composing an email addressed to address@example.com.

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其他命令行

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