On Unix-like operating systems, the unzip command lists, extracts, and tests compressed files in a ZIP archive.
This document covers the Linux version of unzip.
unzip will list, test, or extract files from archives of the zip format, which are most commonly found on MS-DOS and Windows systems. The default behavior (with no options) is to extract into the current directory (and possibly the subdirectories below it) all files from the specified zip archive. A companion program, zip, creates zip archives. Both zip and unzip are compatible with archives created by PKWARE's PKZIP and PKUNZIP programs for MS-DOS.
使用密碼來解密加密的壓縮文件條目（如果有的話）。這是不安全的！許多多用戶操作系統(tǒng)為任何用戶提供了查看其他任何用戶的當前命令行的方法。即使在獨立系統(tǒng)上，也始終存在過度偷看的威脅。將純文本密碼作為命令行的一部分存儲在自動化腳本中的情況更加糟糕。盡可能使用無回聲的交互式提示輸入密碼。（在真正重要的安全性方面，請使用強加密（例如，Pretty Good Privacy），而不要使用標準zipfile實用程序提供的相對弱的加密。）
應根據(jù)本地時區(qū)設(shè)置時區(qū)變量（TZ），以使-f和-u正常運行。有關(guān)詳細信息，請參見上面對-f的描述。要正確設(shè)置提取文件的時間戳，可能還需要使用此變量。假設(shè)已在“ 控制面板”中正確設(shè)置了解壓縮的WIN32（Win9x / ME / NT4 / 2K / XP / 2K3）端口，則可從注冊表獲取時區(qū)配置。該端口的TZ變量被忽略。
解密
Info-ZIP軟件完全支持加密的存檔，但是由于美國的出口限制，可能在您特定的編譯二進制文件中禁用了解密/加密支持。但是，自2000年春季以來，美國的出口限制已被解除，我們的原始檔案現(xiàn)在確實包含完整的密碼。如果您需要啟用了crypt支持的二進制發(fā)行版，請在任何Info-ZIP源或二進制發(fā)行版中查看文件“ WHERE ”，以獲取美國境內(nèi)和境外的位置。
Path of the zip archive(s). If the file specification is a wildcard, each matching file is processed in an order determined by the operating system (or file system). Only the filename can be a wildcard; the path itself cannot. Wildcard expressions are similar to those supported in commonly used Unix shells (sh, ksh, csh) and may contain:
*
matches a sequence of 0 or more characters
?
matches exactly 1 character
[...]
matches any single character found inside the brackets; ranges are specified by a beginning character, a hyphen, and an ending character. If an exclamation point or a caret ('!' or '^') follows the left bracket, then the range of characters within the brackets is complemented (that is, anything except the characters inside the brackets is considered a match). To specify a verbatim left bracket, the three-character sequence "[[]" has to be used.
(Be sure to quote any character that might otherwise be interpreted or modified by the operating system, particularly under Unix and VMS.) If no matches are found, the specification is assumed to be a literal filename; and if that also fails, the suffix .zip is appended. Note that self-extracting zip files are supported, as with any other zip archive; just specify the .exe suffix (if any) explicitly.
[file(s)]
An optional list of archive members to be processed, separated by spaces. (VMS versions compiled with VMSCLI defined must delimit files with commas instead. See -v in OPTIONS below.) Regular expressions (wildcards) may be used to match multiple members, as stated above. Again, be sure to quote expressions that would otherwise be expanded or modified by the operating system.
[-x xfile(s)]
An optional list of archive members to be excluded from processing. Since wildcard characters normally match ('/') directory separators (for exceptions see the option -W), this option may be used to exclude any files that are in subdirectories. For example, "unzip foo *.[ch] -x */*" would extract all C source files in the main directory, but none in any subdirectories. Without the -x option, all C source files in all directories within the zipfile would be extracted.
[-d exdir]
If specified, files will be extracted to directory exdir. By default, all files and subdirectories are recreated in the current directory; the -d option allows extraction in an arbitrary directory (always assuming one has permission to write to the directory). This option need not appear at the end of the command line; it is also accepted before the zipfile specification (with the normal options), immediately after the zipfile specification, or between the file(s) and the -x option. The option and directory may be concatenated without any white space between them, but note that this may cause normal shell behavior to be suppressed. In particular, "-d ~" (tilde) is expanded by Unix C shells into the name of the user's home directory, but "-d~" is treated as a literal subdirectory "~" of the current directory.
Options
Additionally, unzip accepts the following options:
-Z
zipinfo mode. If the first option on the command line is -Z, the remaining options are taken to be zipinfo options.
-A
[OS/2, Unix DLL] print extended help for the DLL's programming interface (API).
-c
extract files to stdout/screen ("the CRT"). This option is similar to the -p option except that the name of each file is printed as it is extracted, the -a option is allowed, and ASCII-EBCDIC conversion is automatically performed if appropriate. This option is not listed in the unzip usage screen.
-f
freshen existing files, i.e., extract only those files that already exist on disk and that are newer than the disk copies. By default, unzip queries before overwriting, but the -o option may be used to suppress the queries. Note that under many operating systems, the TZ (timezone) environment variable must be set correctly for -f and -u to work properly (under Unix the variable is usually set automatically). The reasons for this are somewhat subtle but have to do with the differences between DOS-format file times (always local time) and Unix-format times (always in GMT/UTC) and the necessity to compare the two. A typical TZ value is "PST8PDT" (US Pacific time with automatic adjustment for Daylight Savings Time).
-l
list archive files (short format). The names, uncompressed file sizes and modification dates and times of the specified files are printed, along with totals for all files specified. If unzip was compiled with OS2_EAS defined, the -l option also lists columns for the sizes of stored OS/2 extended attributes (EAs) and OS/2 access control lists (ACLs). Also, the zipfile comment and individual file comments (if any) are displayed. If a file was archived from a single-case file system (for example, the old MS-DOS FAT file system) and the -L option was given, the filename is converted to lowercase and is prefixed with a caret (^).
-p
extract files to pipe (standard output, stdout). Nothing but the file data is sent to stdout, and the files are always extracted in binary format, just as they are stored (no conversions).
-t
test archive files. This option extracts each specified file in memory and compares the CRC (cyclic redundancy check, an enhanced checksum) of the expanded file with the original file's stored CRC value.
-T
[most OSes] set the timestamp on the archive(s) to that of the newest file in each one. This corresponds to zip's -go option except that it can be used on wildcard zipfiles (e.g., "unzip -T \*.zip") and is much faster.
-u
update existing files and create new ones if needed. This option performs the same function as the -f option, extracting (with query) files that are newer than those with the same name on disk, and in addition it extracts those files that do not already exist on disk. See -f above for information on setting the timezone properly.
-v
list archive files (verbose format) or show diagnostic version info. This option has evolved and now behaves as both an option and a modifier. As an option it has two purposes: when a zipfile is specified with no other options, -v lists archive files verbosely, adding to the basic -l info the compression method, compressed size, compression ratio and 32-bit CRC. In contrast to most of the competing utilities, unzip removes the 12 additional header bytes of encrypted entries from the compressed size numbers. Therefore, compressed size and compression ratio figures are independent of the entry's encryption status and show the correct compression performance. (The complete size of the encrypted compressed data stream for zipfile entries is reported by the more verbose zipinfo reports.) When no zipfile is specified (that is, the complete command is "unzip -v"), a diagnostic screen is printed. In addition to the normal header with release date and version, unzip lists the home Info-ZIP ftp site and where to find a list of other ftp and non-ftp sites; the target operating system for which it was compiled, as well as (possibly) the hardware on which it was compiled, the compiler and version used, and the compilation date; any special compilation options that might affect the program's operation (see also DECRYPTION below); and any options stored in environment variables that might do the same (see ENVIRONMENT OPTIONS below). As a modifier it works in conjunction with other options (e.g., -t) to produce more verbose or debugging output.
-z
display only the archive comment.
Modifiers
-a
convert text files. Ordinarily all files are extracted exactly as they are stored (as "binary" files). The -a option causes files identified by zip as text files (those with the 't' label in zipinfo listings, rather than 'b') to be automatically extracted as such, converting line endings, end-of-file characters and the character set itself as necessary. (For example, Unix files use line feeds (LFs) for end-of-line (EOL) and have no end-of-file (EOF) marker; Macintoshes use carriage returns (CRs) for EOLs; and most PC operating systems use CR+LF for EOLs and control-Z for EOF. Also, IBM mainframes and the Michigan Terminal System use EBCDIC rather than the more common ASCII character set, and NT supports Unicode.) Note that zip's identification of text files is by no means perfect; some "text" files may actually be binary and vice versa. unzip therefore prints "[text]" or "[binary]" as a visual check for each file it extracts when using the -a option. The -aa option forces all files to be extracted as text, regardless of the supposed file type. On VMS, see also -S
-b
[general] treat all files as binary (no text conversions). This is a shortcut for ---a.
-b
[Tandem] force the creation files with file code type 180 ('C') when extracting Zip entries marked as "text". (On Tandem, -a is enabled by default; see above).
-b
[VMS] auto-convert binary files (see -a above) to fixed-length, 512-byte record format. Doubling the option (-bb) forces all files to be extracted in this format. When extracting to standard output (-c or -p option in effect), the default conversion of text record delimiters is disabled for binary (-b) resp. all (-bb) files.
-B
[when compiled with UNIXBACKUP defined] save a backup copy of each overwritten file. The backup file is gets the name of the target file with a tilde and optionally a unique sequence number (up to 5 digits) appended. The sequence number is applied whenever another file with the original name plus tilde already exists. When used together with the "overwrite all" option -o, numbered backup files are never created. In this case, all backup files are named as the original file with an appended tilde, existing backup files are deleted without notice. This feature works similarly to the default behavior of emacs in many locations.
As an example, an old copy of "foo" is renamed to "foo~".
Warning: Users should be aware that the -B option does not prevent loss of existing data under all circumstances. For example, when unzip is run in overwrite-all mode, an existing "foo~" file is deleted before unzip attempts to rename "foo" to "foo~". When this rename attempt fails (because of a file locks, insufficient privileges, or whatever), the extraction of "foo~" gets cancelled, but the old backup file is already lost. A similar scenario takes place when the sequence number range for numbered backup files gets exhausted (99999, or 65535 for 16-bit systems). In this case, the backup file with the maximum sequence number is deleted and replaced by the new backup version without notice.
-C
use case-insensitive matching for the selection of archive entries from the command-line list of extract selection patterns. unzip's philosophy is "you get what you ask for" (this is also responsible for the -L/-U change; see the relevant options below). Because some file systems are fully case-sensitive (notably those under the Unix operating system) and because both zip archives and unzip itself are portable across platforms, unzip's default behavior is to match both wildcard and literal filenames case-sensitively. That is, specifying "makefile" on the command line will only match "makefile in the archive, not "Makefile" or "MAKEFILE" (and similarly for wildcard specifications). Since this does not correspond to the behavior of many other operating/file systems (for example, OS/2 HPFS, which preserves mixed case but is not sensitive to it), the -C option may be used to force all filename matches to be case-insensitive. In the example above, all three files would then match "makefile" (or "make*, or similar). The -C option affects file specs in both the normal file list and the excluded-file list (xlist).
Please note that the -C option does neither affect the search for the zipfile(s) nor the matching of archive entries to existing files on the extraction path. On a case-sensitive file system, unzip will never try to overwrite a file "FOO" when extracting an entry "foo"!
-D
skip restoration of timestamps for extracted items. Normally, unzip tries to restore all meta-information for extracted items that are supplied in the Zip archive (and do not require privileges or impose a security risk). By specifying -D, unzip is told to suppress restoration of timestamps for directories explicitly created from Zip archive entries. This option only applies to ports that support setting timestamps for directories (currently ATheOS, BeOS, MacOS, OS/2, Unix, VMS, Win32; for other unzip ports, -D has no effect). The duplicated option -DD forces suppression of timestamp restoration for all extracted entries (files and directories). This option results in setting the timestamps for all extracted entries to the current time.
On VMS, the default setting for this option is -D for consistency with the behaviour of BACKUP: file timestamps are restored, timestamps of extracted directories are left at the current time. To enable restoration of directory timestamps, the negated option --D should be specified. On VMS, the option -D disables timestamp restoration for all extracted Zip archive items. (Here, a single -D on the command line combines with the default -D to do what an explicit -DD does on other systems.)
-E
[MacOS only] display contents of MacOS extra field during restore operation.
-F
[Acorn only] suppress removal of NFS filetype extension from stored filenames.
-F
[non-Acorn systems supporting long filenames with embedded commas, and only if compiled with ACORN_FTYPE_NFS defined] translate filetype information from ACORN RISC OS extra field blocks into an NFS filetype extension and append it to the names of the extracted files. (When the stored filename appears to already have an appended NFS filetype extension, it is replaced by the info from the extra field.)
-i
[MacOS only] ignore filenames stored in MacOS extra fields. Instead, the most compatible filename stored in the generic part of the entry's header is used.
-j
junk paths. The archive's directory structure is not recreated; all files are deposited in the extraction directory (by default, the current one).
-J
[BeOS only] junk file attributes. The file's BeOS file attributes are not restored, just the file's data.
-J
[MacOS only] ignore MacOS extra fields. All Macintosh specific info is skipped. Data-fork and resource-fork are restored as separate files.
-K
[AtheOS, BeOS, Unix only] retain SUID/SGID/Tacky file attributes. Without this flag, these attribute bits are cleared for security reasons.
-L
convert to lowercase any filename originating on an uppercase-only operating system or file system. (This was unzip's default behavior in releases prior to 5.11; the new default behavior is identical to the old behavior with the -U option, which is now obsolete and will be removed in a future release.) Depending on the archiver, files archived under single-case file systems (VMS, old MS-DOS FAT, etc.) may be stored as all-uppercase names; this can be ugly or inconvenient when extracting to a case-preserving file system such as OS/2 HPFS or a case-sensitive one such as under Unix. By default, unzip lists and extracts such filenames exactly as they're stored (excepting truncation, conversion of unsupported characters, etc.); this option causes the names of all files from certain systems to be converted to lowercase. The -LL option forces conversion of every filename to lowercase, regardless of the originating file system.
-M
pipe all output through an internal pager similar to the Unix more command. At the end of a screenful of output, unzip pauses with a "--More--" prompt; the next screenful may be viewed by pressing the Enter (Return) key or the spacebar. unzip can be terminated by pressing the "q" key and, on some systems, the Enter/Return key. Unlike Unix more, there is no forward-searching or editing capability. Also, unzip doesn't notice if long lines wrap at the edge of the screen, effectively resulting in the printing of two or more lines and the likelihood that some text will scroll off the top of the screen before being viewed. On some systems the number of available lines on the screen is not detected, in which case unzip assumes the height is 24 lines.
-n
never overwrite existing files. If a file already exists, skip the extraction of that file without prompting. By default, unzip queries before extracting any file that already exists; the user may choose to overwrite only the current file, overwrite all files, skip extraction of the current file, skip extraction of all existing files, or rename the current file.
-N
[Amiga] extract file comments as Amiga filenotes. File comments are created with the -c option of zip, or with the -N option of the Amiga port of zip, which stores filenotes as comments.
-o
overwrite existing files without prompting. This is a dangerous option, so use it with care. (It is often used with -f, however, and is the only way to overwrite directory EAs under OS/2.)
-P password
use password to decrypt encrypted zipfile entries (if any). THIS IS INSECURE! Many multi-user operating systems provide ways for any user to see the current command line of any other user; even on stand-alone systems there is always the threat of over-the-shoulder peeking. Storing the plaintext password as part of a command line in an automated script is even worse. Whenever possible, use the non-echoing, interactive prompt to enter passwords. (And where security is truly important, use strong encryption such as Pretty Good Privacy instead of the relatively weak encryption provided by standard zipfile utilities.)
-q
perform operations quietly (-qq = even quieter). Ordinarily unzip prints the names of the files it's extracting or testing, the extraction methods, any file or zipfile comments that may be stored in the archive, and possibly a summary when finished with each archive. The -q[q] options suppress the printing of some or all of these messages.
-s
[OS/2, NT, MS-DOS] convert spaces in filenames to underscores. Since all PC operating systems allow spaces in filenames, unzip by default extracts filenames with spaces intact (e.g., "EA DATA. SF"). This can be awkward, however, since MS-DOS in particular does not gracefully support spaces in filenames. Conversion of spaces to underscores can eliminate the awkwardness in some cases.
-S
[VMS] convert text files (-a, -aa) into Stream_LF record format, instead of the text-file default, variable-length record format. (Stream_LF is the default record format of VMS unzip. It is applied unless conversion (-a, -aa and/or -b, -bb) is requested or a VMS-specific entry is processed.)
-U
[UNICODE_SUPPORT only] modify or disable UTF-8 handling. When UNICODE_SUPPORT is available, the option -U forces unzip to escape all non-ASCII characters from UTF-8 coded filenames as "#Uxxxx" (for UCS-2 characters, or "#Lxxxxxx" for unicode codepoints needing 3 octets). This option is mainly provided for debugging purpose when the fairly new UTF-8 support is suspected to mangle up extracted filenames.
The option -UU allows to entirely disable the recognition of UTF-8 encoded filenames. The handling of filename codings within unzip falls back to the behaviour of previous versions.
[old, obsolete usage] leave filenames uppercase if created under MS-DOS, VMS, etc. See -L above.
-V
retain (VMS) file version numbers. VMS files can be stored with a version number, in the format file.ext;##. By default, the ";##" version numbers are stripped, but this option allows them to be retained. (On file systems that limit filenames to particularly short lengths, the version numbers may be truncated or stripped regardless of this option.)
-W
[only when WILD_STOP_AT_DIR compile-time option enabled] modifies the pattern matching routine so that both '?' (single-char wildcard) and '*' (multi-char wildcard) do not match the directory separator character '/'. (The two-character sequence "**" acts as a multi-char wildcard that includes the directory separator in its matched characters.) Examples:
"*.c" matches "foo.c" but not "mydir/foo.c"
"**.c" matches both "foo.c" and "mydir/foo.c"
"*/*.c" matches "bar/foo.c" but not "baz/bar/foo.c"
"??*/*" matches "ab/foo" and "abc/foo" but not "a/foo" or "a/b/foo"
This modified behaviour is equivalent to the pattern matching style used by the shells of some of UnZip's supported target OSs (one example is Acorn RISC OS). This option may not be available on systems where the Zip archive's internal directory separator character '/' is allowed as regular character in native operating system filenames. (Currently, unzip uses the same pattern matching rules for both wildcard zipfile specifications and zip entry selection patterns in most ports. For systems allowing `/' as regular filename character, the -W option would not work as expected on a wildcard zipfile specification.)
-X
[VMS, Unix, OS/2, NT, Tandem] restore owner/protection info (UICs and ACL entries) under VMS, or user and group info (UID/GID) under Unix, or access control lists (ACLs) under certain network-enabled versions of OS/2 (Warp Server with IBM LAN Server/Requester 3.0 to 5.0; Warp Connect with IBM Peer 1.0), or security ACLs under Windows NT. In most cases this will require special system privileges, and doubling the option (-XX) under NT instructs unzip to use privileges for extraction; but under Unix, for example, a user who belongs to several groups can restore files owned by any of those groups, as long as the user IDs match his or her own. Note that ordinary file attributes are always restored--this option applies only to optional, extra ownership info available on some operating systems. [NT's access control lists do not appear to be especially compatible with OS/2's, so no attempt is made at cross-platform portability of access privileges.]
-Y
[VMS] treat archived file name endings of ".nnn" (where "nnn" is a decimal number) as if they were VMS version numbers (";nnn"). (The default is to treat them as file types.) Example: "a.b.3" -> "a.b;3".
-$
[MS-DOS, OS/2, NT] restore the volume label if the extraction medium is removable (e.g., a diskette). Doubling the option (-$$) allows fixed media (hard disks) to be labelled as well. By default, volume labels are ignored.
-/ extensions
[Acorn only] overrides the extension list supplied by the Unzip$Ext environment variable. During extraction, filename extensions that match one of the items in this extension list are swapped in front of the base name of the extracted file.
-:
[all but Acorn, VM/CMS, MVS, Tandem] allows to extract archive members into locations outside of the current "extraction root folder". For security reasons, unzip normally removes "parent dir" path components ("../") from the names of extracted file. This safety feature (new for version 5.50) prevents unzip from accidentally writing files to "sensitive" areas outside the active extraction folder tree head. The -: option lets unzip switch back to its previous, more liberal behaviour, to allow exact extraction of (older) archives that used "../" components to create multiple directory trees at the level of the current extraction folder. This option does not enable writing explicitly to the root directory ("/"). To achieve this, it is necessary to set the extraction target folder to root (e.g., -d / ). However, when the -: option is specified, it is still possible to implicitly write to the root directory by specifying enough "../" path components within the zip archive. Use this option with extreme caution.
-^
[Unix only] allow control characters in names of extracted zip archive entries. On Unix, a file name may contain any (8-bit) character code with the two exception '/' (directory delimiter) and NUL (0x00, the C string termination indicator), unless the specific file system has more restrictive conventions. Generally, this allows to embed ASCII control characters (or even sophisticated control sequences) in file names, at least on 'native' Unix file systems. However, it may be highly suspicious to make use of this Unix "feature". Embedded control characters in file names might have nasty side effects when displayed on the screen by some listing code without sufficient filtering. And, for ordinary users, it may be difficult to handle such file names (e.g., when trying to specify it for open, copy, move, or delete operations). Therefore, unzip applies a filter by default that removes potentially dangerous control characters from the extracted file names. The -^ option allows to override this filter in the rare case that embedded filename control characters are to be intentionally restored.
-2
[VMS] force unconditionally conversion of file names to ODS2-compatible names. The default is to exploit the destination file system, preserving case and extended file name characters on an ODS5 destination file system; and applying the ODS2-compatibility file name filtering on an ODS2 destination file system.
Options
unzip's default behavior may be modified via options placed in an environment variable. This can be done with any option, but it is probably most useful with the -a, -L, -C, -q, -o, or -n modifiers: make unzip auto-convert text files by default, make it convert filenames from uppercase systems to lowercase, make it match names case-insensitively, make it quieter, or make it always overwrite or never overwrite files as it extracts them. For example, to make unzip act as quietly as possible, only reporting errors, one would use one of the following commands:
Unix Bourne shell:
UNZIP=-qq; export UNZIP
Unix C shell:
setenv UNZIP -qq
OS/2 or MS-DOS:
set UNZIP=-qq
VMS (quotes for lowercase):
define UNZIP_OPTS "-qq"
Environment options are, in effect, considered to be just like any other command-line options, except that they are effectively the first options on the command line. To override an environment option, one may use the "minus operator" to remove it. For instance, to override one of the quiet-flags in the example above, use the command below.
unzip --q[other options] zipfile
The first hyphen is the normal switch character, and the second is a minus sign, acting on the q option. Thus the effect here is to cancel one quantum of quietness. To cancel both quiet flags, two (or more) minuses may be used:
unzip -t--q zipfile
unzip ---qt zipfile
(the two are equivalent). This may seem awkward or confusing, but it is reasonably intuitive: just ignore the first hyphen and go from there. It is also consistent with the behavior of Unix nice.
As suggested by the examples above, the default variable names are UNZIP_OPTS for VMS (where the symbol used to install unzip as a foreign command would otherwise be confused with the environment variable), and UNZIP for all other operating systems. For compatibility with zip, UNZIPOPT is also accepted. If both UNZIP and UNZIPOPT are defined, however, UNZIP takes precedence. unzip's diagnostic option (-v with no zipfile name) can be used to check the values of all four possible unzip and zipinfo environment variables.
The timezone variable (TZ) should be set according to the local timezone for the -f and -u to operate correctly. See the description of -f above for details. This variable may also be necessary to get timestamps of extracted files to be set correctly. The WIN32 (Win9x/ME/NT4/2K/XP/2K3) port of unzip gets the timezone configuration from the Registry, assuming it is correctly set in the Control Panel. The TZ variable is ignored for this port.
Decryption
Encrypted archives are fully supported by Info-ZIP software, but due to United States export restrictions, de-/encryption support might be disabled in your particular compiled binary. However, since the spring of 2000, US export restrictions have been liberated, and our source archives do now include full crypt code. In case you need binary distributions with crypt support enabled, see the file "WHERE" in any Info-ZIP source or binary distribution for locations both inside and outside the US.
Some compiled versions of unzip may not support decryption. To check a version for crypt support, either attempt to test or extract an encrypted archive, or else check unzip's diagnostic screen (see the -v option above) for "[decryption]" as one of the special compilation options.
As noted above, the -P option may be used to supply a password on the command line, but at a cost in security. The preferred decryption method is to extract normally; if a zipfile member is encrypted, unzip will prompt for the password without echoing what is typed. unzip continues to use the same password as long as it appears to be valid, by testing a 12-byte header on each file. The correct password will always check out against the header, but there is a 1-in-256 chance that an incorrect password will as well. (This is a security feature of the PKWARE zipfile format; it helps prevent brute-force attacks that might otherwise gain a large speed advantage by testing only the header.) In the case that an incorrect password is given but it passes the header test anyway, either an incorrect CRC will be generated for the extracted data or else unzip will fail during the extraction because the "decrypted" bytes do not constitute a valid compressed data stream.
If the first password fails the header check on some file, unzip will prompt for another password, and so on until all files are extracted. If a password is not known, entering a null password (that is, just a carriage return or "Enter") is taken as a signal to skip all further prompting. Only unencrypted files in the archive(s) will thereafter be extracted. (In fact, that's not quite true; older versions of zip and zipcloak allowed null passwords, so unzip checks each encrypted file to see if the null password works. This may result in "false positives" and extraction errors, as noted above.)
Archives encrypted with 8-bit passwords (for example, passwords with accented European characters) may not be portable across systems and/or other archivers. This problem stems from the use of multiple encoding methods for such characters, including Latin-1 (ISO 8859-1) and OEM code page 850. DOS PKZIP 2.04g uses the OEM code page; Windows PKZIP 2.50 uses Latin-1 (and is therefore incompatible with DOS PKZIP); Info-ZIP uses the OEM code page on DOS, OS/2 and Win3.x ports but ISO coding (Latin-1 etc.) everywhere else; and Nico Mak's WinZip 6.x does not allow 8-bit passwords at all. unzip 5.3 (or newer) attempts to use the default character set first (e.g., Latin-1), followed by the alternate one (e.g., OEM code page) to test passwords. On EBCDIC systems, if both of these fail, EBCDIC encoding will be tested as a last resort. (EBCDIC is not tested on non-EBCDIC systems, because there are no known archivers that encrypt using EBCDIC encoding.) ISO character encodings other than Latin-1 are not supported. The new addition of (partially) Unicode (resp. UTF-8) support in UnZip 6.0 has not yet been adapted to the encryption password handling in unzip. On systems that use UTF-8 as native character encoding, unzip tries decryption with the native UTF-8 encoded password; the built-in attempts to check the password in translated encoding have not yet been adapted for UTF-8 support and will consequently fail.
Unzip the hope.zip archive into the current directory, creating subdirectories as needed to match the archive's file hierarchy.
unzip -j hope.zip
Extract the files from archive hope.zip into the current directory only, regardless of the archive's internal directory structure.
unzip -tq hope.zip
Test hope.zip for errors, but do not extract anything. The q indicates "quiet" mode, which instructs unzip to return only a summary message, rather than a more detailed one.
unzip -ca hope.zip *.txt
Display the contents of all files with the extension .txt contained in the archive hope.zip to the standard output.
unzip hope.zip "*.[ch]" Makefile -d /tmp
Extract from the hope.zip archive any C source files with the extensions .c and .h, and any files named Makefile, into the directory /tmp.
unzip -C hope.zip "*.[ch]" Makefile -d /tmp
Same as the above command, but case-insensitive; it will also extract any files with the extensions .C or .H, any files named MAKEFILE, any files named MakeFile, etc.
unzip -fo hope.zip
Extract files from the archive hope.zip, but only if they are newer versions than the files that already exist.
unzip -l hope.zip
Display a listing of the contents of hope.zip without extracting anything.
unzip (在zip歸檔文件中列出，測試和提取壓縮文件)
在類Unix操作系統(tǒng)，unzip命令列出，提取物和測試壓縮的文件，ZIP 壓縮文件。 本文檔介紹了Linux版本的unzip。
On Unix-like operating systems, the unzip command lists, extracts, and tests compressed files in a ZIP archive. This document covers the Linux version of unzip.
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1 unzip 運行系統(tǒng)環(huán)境
2 unzip 描述
3 unzip 語法
4 unzip 示例
unzip 運行系統(tǒng)環(huán)境
Linux
unzip 描述
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unzip 語法
unzip [-Z] [-cflptTuvz[abjnoqsCDKLMUVWX$/:^]] file[.zip] [file(s) ...] [-x xfile(s) ...] [-d exdir]參數(shù)unzip遵守以下參數(shù)：
此外，unzip接受以下選項：
例如，將“ foo ” 的舊副本重命名為“ foo? ”。“
：警告：用戶應注意-B選項不能在所有情況下都防止丟失現(xiàn)有數(shù)據(jù)。例如，當以全寫模式運行unzip時，將在嘗試進行解壓縮之前刪除現(xiàn)有的“ foo? ”文件。將“ foo ” 重命名為“ foo? ”。如果重命名嘗試失敗（由于文件鎖定，權(quán)限不足或其他原因），“ foo? ” 的提取將被取消，但是舊的備份文件已經(jīng)丟失。當編號備份文件的序列號范圍用盡（99999或65535（對于16位）系統(tǒng)）。在這種情況下，具有最大序列號的備份文件將被刪除，并由新的備份版本替換，恕不另行通知。
請注意-C選項不會影響對zip文件的搜索，也不會影響存檔條目與提取路徑上現(xiàn)有文件的匹配。在區(qū)分大小寫的文件系統(tǒng)上，解壓縮將永遠不會在提取條目“ foo ” 時嘗試覆蓋文件“ FOO ”！
在VMS上，此選項的默認設(shè)置為-D，以與BACKUP的行為保持一致：恢復文件時間戳記，在當前時間保留提取目錄的時間戳記。要恢復目錄時間戳，應指定否定的選項--D。在VMS上，選項-D禁用所有提取的Zip存檔項目的時間戳恢復。（這里，命令行上的單個-D與默認的-D結(jié)合起來可以執(zhí)行顯式-DD 在其他系統(tǒng)上執(zhí)行。）
選項-UU允許完全禁用UTF-8編碼文件名的識別。解壓縮文件名編碼的方式可追溯到先前版本的行為。
[舊的，過時的用法]如果在MS-DOS，VMS等環(huán)境下創(chuàng)建文件名，則將其大寫。請參見上面的-L。
-
“ * .c ”匹配“ foo.c ”，但不匹配“ mydir / foo.c ”
-
“ **。c ”匹配“ foo.c ”和“ mydir / foo.c ”
-
“ * / *。c ”匹配“ bar / foo.c ”但不匹配“ baz / bar / foo.c ”
-
“ ?? * / * ”匹配“ ab / foo ”和“ abc / foo ”，但不匹配“ a / foo ”或“ a / b / foo ”
修改后的行為等同于UnZip的某些受支持目標OS（例如Acorn RISC OS）的外殼所使用的模式匹配樣式。在本地操作系統(tǒng)文件名中允許將Zip存檔的內(nèi)部目錄分隔符' / '用作常規(guī)字符的系統(tǒng)上，此選項可能不可用。（當前，在大多數(shù)端口中，unzip對通配符zipfile規(guī)范和zip條目選擇模式使用相同的模式匹配規(guī)則。對于允許` / '作為常規(guī)文件名字符的系統(tǒng)，-W選項在通配符zipfile規(guī)范中無法正常工作。 ）可以通過放置在環(huán)境變量中的選項來修改unzip的默認行為。可以使用任何選項來完成此操作，但是使用-a，-L，-C，-q，-o或-n修飾符可能最有用：默認情況下使unzip自動轉(zhuǎn)換文本文件，使其轉(zhuǎn)換為文件名從大寫到小寫，使其不區(qū)分大小寫匹配名稱，使其更安靜，或者在提取文件時始終覆蓋或從不覆蓋文件。例如，要使解壓縮盡可能安靜地執(zhí)行，僅報告錯誤，可以使用以下命令之一：
Unix Bourne shell：
Unix C shell：
OS / 2或MS-DOS：
VMS（小寫報價）：
實際上，環(huán)境選項被認為與任何其他命令行選項一樣，只是它們實際上是命令行上的第一個選項。要覆蓋環(huán)境選項，可以使用“減號運算符”將其刪除。例如，要覆蓋上面示例中的靜默標志之一，請使用以下命令。
第一個連字符是普通開關(guān)字符，第二個是減號，作用于q選項。因此，這里的作用是消除一種安靜。要取消兩個安靜標志，可以使用兩個（或更多）負號：
（兩者是等效的）。這可能看起來很尷尬或令人困惑，但它相當直觀：只需忽略第一個連字符并從那里開始。這也與Unix nice的行為一致。
如上面的示例所建議，對于VMS ，默認變量名稱是UNZIP_OPTS（否則，用于將unzip作為外部命令安裝的符號將與環(huán)境變量混淆），對于所有其他操作系統(tǒng)，則為UNZIP。對于兼容性拉鏈，UNZIPOPT是可以接受的。但是，如果同時定義了UNZIP和UNZIPOPT，則UNZIP優(yōu)先。unzip的診斷選項（-v，不帶zipfile名稱）可用于檢查所有四個可能的unzip和zipinfo環(huán)境變量的值。
應根據(jù)本地時區(qū)設(shè)置時區(qū)變量（TZ），以使-f和-u正常運行。有關(guān)詳細信息，請參見上面對-f的描述。要正確設(shè)置提取文件的時間戳，可能還需要使用此變量。假設(shè)已在“ 控制面板”中正確設(shè)置了解壓縮的WIN32（Win9x / ME / NT4 / 2K / XP / 2K3）端口，則可從注冊表獲取時區(qū)配置。該端口的TZ變量被忽略。
解密Info-ZIP軟件完全支持加密的存檔，但是由于美國的出口限制，可能在您特定的編譯二進制文件中禁用了解密/加密支持。但是，自2000年春季以來，美國的出口限制已被解除，我們的原始檔案現(xiàn)在確實包含完整的密碼。如果您需要啟用了crypt支持的二進制發(fā)行版，請在任何Info-ZIP源或二進制發(fā)行版中查看文件“ WHERE ”，以獲取美國境內(nèi)和境外的位置。
某些解壓縮的編譯版本可能不支持解密。要檢查版本是否支持crypt，請嘗試測試或提取加密的歸檔文件，或者檢查unzip的診斷屏幕（請參見上面的-v選項），以將“ [decryption] ”作為特殊的編譯選項之一。
如上所述，-P選項可用于在命令行上提供密碼，但是會增加安全性。首選的解密方法是正常提取。如果zipfile成員已加密，則unzip將提示您輸入密碼，而不回顯鍵入的內(nèi)容。只要測試12字節(jié)的標頭，unzip就會繼續(xù)使用相同的密碼（只要它看起來有效）在每個文件上。正確的密碼將始終根據(jù)標題檢出，但是不正確的密碼也有1-in-256的機會。（這是PKWARE zipfile格式的安全功能；它有助于防止蠻力攻擊，否則僅通過測試標頭就可以獲得較大的速度優(yōu)勢。）如果輸入了錯誤的密碼，但無論如何它都會通過標頭測試，將為提取的數(shù)據(jù)生成錯誤的CRC，或者在提取過程中解壓縮失敗，因為“已解密”字節(jié)不構(gòu)成有效的壓縮數(shù)據(jù)流。
如果第一個密碼未能通過文件頭檢查，則解壓縮將提示輸入另一個密碼，依此類推，直到提取所有文件為止。如果密碼未知，則將輸入空密碼（即，僅輸入回車或“ Enter”）作為跳過所有進一步提示的信號。此后，僅提取存檔中未加密的文件。（實際上，事實并非如此；較早版本的zip和zipcloak允許使用空密碼，因此，unzip檢查每個加密文件以查看空密碼是否有效。如上所述，這可能會導致“誤報”和提取錯誤。）
用8位密碼加密的檔案（例如帶有重音符號的歐洲字符的密碼）可能無法在系統(tǒng)和/或其他檔案中移植。此問題源于對此類字符使用了多種編碼方法，包括Latin-1（ISO 8859-1）和OEM代碼頁850。DOSPKZIP 2.04g使用OEM代碼頁；而PKZIP 2.04g使用OEM代碼頁。Windows PKZIP 2.50使用Latin-1（因此與DOS PKZIP不兼容）；Info-ZIP在DOS，OS / 2和Win3.x端口上使用OEM代碼頁，但在其他任何地方都使用ISO編碼（Latin-1等）。Nico Mak的WinZip 6.x根本不允許8位密碼。解壓縮5.3（或更高版本）嘗試首先使用默認字符集（例如Latin-1），然后使用替代字符集（例如OEM代碼頁）來測試密碼。在EBCDIC系統(tǒng)上，如果這兩種方法均失敗，則將對EBCDIC編碼進行最后測試。（由于沒有已知的使用EBCDIC編碼進行加密的存檔器，因此未在非EBCDIC系統(tǒng)上進行EBCDIC的測試。）不支持Latin-1以外的ISO字符編碼。UnZip 6.0中新增的（部分）Unicode（分別為UTF-8）支持尚未適應unzip中的加密密碼處理。在使用UTF-8作為本機字符編碼的系統(tǒng)上，解壓縮嘗試使用本地UTF-8編碼密碼解密；內(nèi)置的嘗試以翻譯編碼檢查密碼的嘗試尚未適應UTF-8支持，因此將失敗。
unzip [-Z] [-cflptTuvz[abjnoqsCDKLMUVWX$/:^]] file[.zip] [file(s) ...] [-x xfile(s) ...] [-d exdir]Argumentsunzip accepts the following arguments:
Additionally, unzip accepts the following options:
As an example, an old copy of "foo" is renamed to "foo~".
Warning: Users should be aware that the -B option does not prevent loss of existing data under all circumstances. For example, when unzip is run in overwrite-all mode, an existing "foo~" file is deleted before unzip attempts to rename "foo" to "foo~". When this rename attempt fails (because of a file locks, insufficient privileges, or whatever), the extraction of "foo~" gets cancelled, but the old backup file is already lost. A similar scenario takes place when the sequence number range for numbered backup files gets exhausted (99999, or 65535 for 16-bit systems). In this case, the backup file with the maximum sequence number is deleted and replaced by the new backup version without notice.
Please note that the -C option does neither affect the search for the zipfile(s) nor the matching of archive entries to existing files on the extraction path. On a case-sensitive file system, unzip will never try to overwrite a file "FOO" when extracting an entry "foo"!
On VMS, the default setting for this option is -D for consistency with the behaviour of BACKUP: file timestamps are restored, timestamps of extracted directories are left at the current time. To enable restoration of directory timestamps, the negated option --D should be specified. On VMS, the option -D disables timestamp restoration for all extracted Zip archive items. (Here, a single -D on the command line combines with the default -D to do what an explicit -DD does on other systems.)
The option -UU allows to entirely disable the recognition of UTF-8 encoded filenames. The handling of filename codings within unzip falls back to the behaviour of previous versions.
[old, obsolete usage] leave filenames uppercase if created under MS-DOS, VMS, etc. See -L above.
-
"*.c" matches "foo.c" but not "mydir/foo.c"
-
"**.c" matches both "foo.c" and "mydir/foo.c"
-
"*/*.c" matches "bar/foo.c" but not "baz/bar/foo.c"
-
"??*/*" matches "ab/foo" and "abc/foo" but not "a/foo" or "a/b/foo"
This modified behaviour is equivalent to the pattern matching style used by the shells of some of UnZip's supported target OSs (one example is Acorn RISC OS). This option may not be available on systems where the Zip archive's internal directory separator character '/' is allowed as regular character in native operating system filenames. (Currently, unzip uses the same pattern matching rules for both wildcard zipfile specifications and zip entry selection patterns in most ports. For systems allowing `/' as regular filename character, the -W option would not work as expected on a wildcard zipfile specification.)unzip's default behavior may be modified via options placed in an environment variable. This can be done with any option, but it is probably most useful with the -a, -L, -C, -q, -o, or -n modifiers: make unzip auto-convert text files by default, make it convert filenames from uppercase systems to lowercase, make it match names case-insensitively, make it quieter, or make it always overwrite or never overwrite files as it extracts them. For example, to make unzip act as quietly as possible, only reporting errors, one would use one of the following commands:
Unix Bourne shell:
Unix C shell:
OS/2 or MS-DOS:
VMS (quotes for lowercase):
Environment options are, in effect, considered to be just like any other command-line options, except that they are effectively the first options on the command line. To override an environment option, one may use the "minus operator" to remove it. For instance, to override one of the quiet-flags in the example above, use the command below.
The first hyphen is the normal switch character, and the second is a minus sign, acting on the q option. Thus the effect here is to cancel one quantum of quietness. To cancel both quiet flags, two (or more) minuses may be used:
(the two are equivalent). This may seem awkward or confusing, but it is reasonably intuitive: just ignore the first hyphen and go from there. It is also consistent with the behavior of Unix nice.
As suggested by the examples above, the default variable names are UNZIP_OPTS for VMS (where the symbol used to install unzip as a foreign command would otherwise be confused with the environment variable), and UNZIP for all other operating systems. For compatibility with zip, UNZIPOPT is also accepted. If both UNZIP and UNZIPOPT are defined, however, UNZIP takes precedence. unzip's diagnostic option (-v with no zipfile name) can be used to check the values of all four possible unzip and zipinfo environment variables.
The timezone variable (TZ) should be set according to the local timezone for the -f and -u to operate correctly. See the description of -f above for details. This variable may also be necessary to get timestamps of extracted files to be set correctly. The WIN32 (Win9x/ME/NT4/2K/XP/2K3) port of unzip gets the timezone configuration from the Registry, assuming it is correctly set in the Control Panel. The TZ variable is ignored for this port.
DecryptionEncrypted archives are fully supported by Info-ZIP software, but due to United States export restrictions, de-/encryption support might be disabled in your particular compiled binary. However, since the spring of 2000, US export restrictions have been liberated, and our source archives do now include full crypt code. In case you need binary distributions with crypt support enabled, see the file "WHERE" in any Info-ZIP source or binary distribution for locations both inside and outside the US.
Some compiled versions of unzip may not support decryption. To check a version for crypt support, either attempt to test or extract an encrypted archive, or else check unzip's diagnostic screen (see the -v option above) for "[decryption]" as one of the special compilation options.
As noted above, the -P option may be used to supply a password on the command line, but at a cost in security. The preferred decryption method is to extract normally; if a zipfile member is encrypted, unzip will prompt for the password without echoing what is typed. unzip continues to use the same password as long as it appears to be valid, by testing a 12-byte header on each file. The correct password will always check out against the header, but there is a 1-in-256 chance that an incorrect password will as well. (This is a security feature of the PKWARE zipfile format; it helps prevent brute-force attacks that might otherwise gain a large speed advantage by testing only the header.) In the case that an incorrect password is given but it passes the header test anyway, either an incorrect CRC will be generated for the extracted data or else unzip will fail during the extraction because the "decrypted" bytes do not constitute a valid compressed data stream.
If the first password fails the header check on some file, unzip will prompt for another password, and so on until all files are extracted. If a password is not known, entering a null password (that is, just a carriage return or "Enter") is taken as a signal to skip all further prompting. Only unencrypted files in the archive(s) will thereafter be extracted. (In fact, that's not quite true; older versions of zip and zipcloak allowed null passwords, so unzip checks each encrypted file to see if the null password works. This may result in "false positives" and extraction errors, as noted above.)
Archives encrypted with 8-bit passwords (for example, passwords with accented European characters) may not be portable across systems and/or other archivers. This problem stems from the use of multiple encoding methods for such characters, including Latin-1 (ISO 8859-1) and OEM code page 850. DOS PKZIP 2.04g uses the OEM code page; Windows PKZIP 2.50 uses Latin-1 (and is therefore incompatible with DOS PKZIP); Info-ZIP uses the OEM code page on DOS, OS/2 and Win3.x ports but ISO coding (Latin-1 etc.) everywhere else; and Nico Mak's WinZip 6.x does not allow 8-bit passwords at all. unzip 5.3 (or newer) attempts to use the default character set first (e.g., Latin-1), followed by the alternate one (e.g., OEM code page) to test passwords. On EBCDIC systems, if both of these fail, EBCDIC encoding will be tested as a last resort. (EBCDIC is not tested on non-EBCDIC systems, because there are no known archivers that encrypt using EBCDIC encoding.) ISO character encodings other than Latin-1 are not supported. The new addition of (partially) Unicode (resp. UTF-8) support in UnZip 6.0 has not yet been adapted to the encryption password handling in unzip. On systems that use UTF-8 as native character encoding, unzip tries decryption with the native UTF-8 encoded password; the built-in attempts to check the password in translated encoding have not yet been adapted for UTF-8 support and will consequently fail.
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unzip 示例
將hope.zip存檔解壓縮到當前目錄中，根據(jù)需要創(chuàng)建子目錄以匹配存檔的文件層次結(jié)構(gòu)。
無論存檔的內(nèi)部目錄結(jié)構(gòu)如何，都僅將它們從文件hope.zip提取到當前目錄中。
測試hope.zip是否存在錯誤，但不要提取任何內(nèi)容。 q表示“安靜”模式，該模式指示解壓縮僅返回摘要消息，而不返回更詳細的消息。
將歸檔文件hope.zip中包含的擴展名為.txt的所有文件的內(nèi)容顯示到標準輸出。
從hope.zip中將所有擴展名為.c和.h的C源文件以及任何名為Makefile的文件提取到目錄/ tmp中。
與上述命令相同，但不區(qū)分大小寫； 它還會提取任何擴展名為.C或.H的文件，任何名為MAKEFILE的文件，任何名為MakeFile的文件，等等。
從存檔的hope.zip中提取文件，但前提是它們是比已經(jīng)存在的文件新的版本。
在不提取任何內(nèi)容的情況下顯示hope.zip內(nèi)容的清單。
Unzip the hope.zip archive into the current directory, creating subdirectories as needed to match the archive's file hierarchy.
Extract the files from archive hope.zip into the current directory only, regardless of the archive's internal directory structure.
Test hope.zip for errors, but do not extract anything. The q indicates "quiet" mode, which instructs unzip to return only a summary message, rather than a more detailed one.
Display the contents of all files with the extension .txt contained in the archive hope.zip to the standard output.
Extract from the hope.zip archive any C source files with the extensions .c and .h, and any files named Makefile, into the directory /tmp.
Same as the above command, but case-insensitive; it will also extract any files with the extensions .C or .H, any files named MAKEFILE, any files named MakeFile, etc.
Extract files from the archive hope.zip, but only if they are newer versions than the files that already exist.
Display a listing of the contents of hope.zip without extracting anything.
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其他命令行
userdel | usermod | ul | umask | unalias | uname | uncompress | unhash | uniq | until | unlink | unpack | uptime | useradd |