tput (初始化終端或查詢terminfo數據庫)

rose1 發表于 2020-07-30 14:42

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命令行 Unix&Linux命令 tput

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在類似Unix的操作系統上，tput命令初始化終端或查詢terminfo 數據庫。本文檔介紹了tput的Linux版本。

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1 tput 運行系統環境

2 tput 說明

3 tput 語法

4 tput 例子

tput 運行系統環境

Linux

tput 說明

該tput的工具使用的terminfo數據庫使與終端相關的能力和信息提供給值外殼，初始化和重新設置終端，或返回所請求的終端類型的長名。結果取決于能力的類型：

串	tput將字符串寫入標準輸出。沒有尾隨的換行符。
整數	tput將十進制值和尾隨換行符寫入標準輸出。
布爾值	tput設置退出代碼（如果終端有能力，則設置退出代碼（如果為TRUE，則為0；否則為FALSE，則設置為1），并且不向標準輸出寫入任何內容。

在使用在標準輸出上返回的值之前，應用程序應測試退出代碼（例如$ ?；有關詳細信息，請參見sh）以確保其為0。（請參閱“ 退出代碼和診斷”部分。）有關功能和與之相關的功能名稱的完整列表，請參見terminfo手冊。

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tput 語法

tput [-Ttype] capname [params ... ]

tput [-Ttype] init

tput [-Ttype] reset

tput [-Ttype] longname

tput -S <<

tput -V

選件

-Ttype	指示終端的類型。通常，此選項是不必要的，因為默認值來自環境變量 TERM。如果指定了-T，那么將忽略外殼變量LINES和COLUMNS，并且不會查詢操作系統的實際屏幕大小。
capname	指示terminfo數據庫中的功能。當的termcap（終端能力數據庫）支持編譯的，在termcap中的功能名也是可以接受的。
params	如果能力是一個字符串，采用參數，該參數 PARAMS將被實例化到字符串。大多數參數是數字。只有少數terminfo功能需要字符串參數。tput使用表來決定將哪個作為字符串傳遞。如果沒有為該功能提供任何參數，則tput將寫入字符串而不執行替換。
-S	每次調用tput都允許多個功能。必須將這些功能從標準輸入而不是從命令行傳遞到tput（請參見下面的示例）。每行只允許使用一個名稱。的-S選項改變的含義0和1布爾值和串退出代碼（參見退出代碼部分）。同樣，tput使用表和輸入中參數的存在來決定是否以及如何解釋參數。
-V	報告此程序中使用的ncurses版本（文本界面編程庫），然后退出。
init	如果存在terminfo數據庫，并且存在用戶終端的條目（請參見上面的-T type），則會發生以下情況：終端的初始化字符串（如果存在）將按照“制表符和初始化”中terminfo部分的詳細說明進行輸出，條目中指定的任何延遲（例如，換行符）都將在tty驅動程序中設置，標簽擴展將根據條目中的規范打開或關閉，并且如果選項卡未展開，則將每8個空格設置標準選項卡。如果條目不包含上述四個活動中的任何一個所需的信息，則該活動將被靜默跳過。
reset	如果存在終端（rs1，rs2，rs3，rf），則會輸出終端的重置字符串，而不是發出初始化字符串。如果不存在重置字符串，但是存在初始化字符串，則將輸出初始化字符串。否則，reset的行為與init相同。
longname	如果存在terminfo數據庫，并且存在用戶終端的條目（請參見上面的-T 類型），則將輸出終端的長名稱。長名是terminfo數據庫中終端說明的第一行中的姓氏。

如果tput由名為reset的鏈接調用，則其效果與tput reset相同。請參閱tset進行比較，其行為類似。

退出碼

如果使用-S選項，則tput將檢查每行中的錯誤，如果發現任何錯誤，則將退出代碼設置為4加上有錯誤的行數。如果未找到錯誤，則退出代碼為0。無法指示哪條線失敗，因此將永遠不會顯示退出代碼1。退出代碼2，3和4保持其通常的解釋。如果不使用-S選項，則退出代碼取決于capname的類型：

boolean	值0被設置為TRUE，并且1為FALSE。
string	如果為此端子類型定義了Capname，則將值設置為0（在標準輸出中返回capname的值）；否則，將設置為0。如果未為該終端類型定義capname，則將值設置為1（不向標準輸出寫入任何內容）。
integer	無論是否為此終端類型定義了capname，始終將其設置為0。要確定是否為此終端類型定義了capname，用戶必須測試寫入標準輸出的值。值-1表示未為此終端類型定義capname。
other	該復位或初始化可能無法找到其相應的文件。在這種情況下，退出代碼設置為4 + errno。

如“ 診斷”部分所列，任何其他退出代碼均指示錯誤。

診斷程序

tput打印以下錯誤消息并設置相應的退出代碼：

0	capname是未在指定的數值變量的terminfo數據庫此終端類型，例如，tput的-T450線和tput的-T2621 XMC。
1	沒有錯誤消息被打印；請參閱退出代碼部分。
2	使用錯誤。
3	未知的終端類型或沒有terminfo數據庫。
4	未知的terminfo功能Capname。
>4	根據-S選項發生錯誤。

檔案

/etc/terminfo	編譯后的終端描述數據庫。
/usr/share/tabset/*	某些終端的制表符設置，采用適合于輸出到終端的格式（設置頁邊距和制表符的轉義序列）；有關更多信息，請參見terminfo手冊。

tput [-Ttype] capname [params ... ]

tput [-Ttype] init

tput [-Ttype] reset

tput [-Ttype] longname

tput -S <<

tput -V

Options

-Ttype	Indicates the type of terminal. Normally this option is unnecessary, because the default is taken from the environment variable TERM. If -T is specified, then the shell variables LINES and COLUMNS will be ignored, and the operating system will not be queried for the actual screen size.
capname	Indicates the capability from the terminfo database. When termcap (the terminal capability database) support is compiled in, the termcap name for the capability is also accepted.
params	If the capability is a string that takes parameters, the arguments params will be instantiated into the string. Most parameters are numbers. Only a few terminfo capabilities require string parameters; tput uses a table to decide which to pass as strings. If no parameters are given for the capability, tput writes the string without performing the substitution.
-S	Allows more than one capability per invocation of tput. The capabilities must be passed to tput from the standard input instead of from the command line (see example, below). Only one capname is allowed per line. The -S option changes the meaning of the 0 and 1 boolean and string exit codes (see the Exit Codes section). Again, tput uses a table and the presence of parameters in its input to decide whether, and how, to interpret the parameters.
-V	Reports the version of ncurses (a text interface programming library) which was used in this program, and exits.
init	If the terminfo database is present and an entry for the user's terminal exists (see -Ttype, above), the following will occur: If present, the terminal's initialization strings will be output as detailed in the terminfo section on Tabs and Initialization, Any delays (e.g., newline) specified in the entry will be set in the tty driver, Tabs expansion will be turned on or off according to the specification in the entry, and If tabs are not expanded, standard tabs will be set, every 8 spaces. If an entry does not contain the information needed for any of the four above activities, that activity will silently be skipped.
reset	Instead of putting out initialization strings, the terminal's reset strings will be output if present (rs1, rs2, rs3, rf). If the reset strings are not present, but initialization strings are, the initialization strings will be output. Otherwise, reset acts identically to init.
longname	If the terminfo database is present and an entry for the user's terminal exists (see -Ttype above), then the long name of the terminal will be put out. The long name is the last name in the first line of the terminal's description in the terminfo database.

If tput is invoked by a link named reset, this has the same effect as tput reset. See tset for comparison, which has similar behavior.

Exit Codes

If the -S option is used, tput checks for errors from each line, and if any errors are found, will set the exit code to 4 plus the number of lines with errors. If no errors are found, the exit code is 0. No indication of which line failed can be given so exit code 1 will never appear. Exit codes 2, 3, and 4 retain their usual interpretation. If the -S option is not used, the exit code depends on the type of capname:

boolean	A value of 0 is set for TRUE and 1 for FALSE.
string	A value of 0 is set if the capname is defined for this terminal type (the value of capname is returned on standard output); a value of 1 is set if capname is not defined for this terminal type (nothing is written to standard output).
integer	A value of 0 is always set, whether or not capname is defined for this terminal type. To determine if capname is defined for this terminal type, the user must test the value written to standard output. A value of -1 means that capname is not defined for this terminal type.
other	The reset or init may fail to find their respective files. In that case, the exit code is set to 4 + errno.

Any other exit code indicates an error, as listed in the Diagnostics section.

Diagnostics

tput prints the following error messages and sets the corresponding exit codes:

0	The capname is a numeric variable that is not specified in the terminfo database for this terminal type, e.g., tput -T450 lines and tput -T2621 xmc.
1	No error message is printed; see the Exit Codes section.
2	Usage error.
3	Unknown terminal type or no terminfo database.
4	Unknown terminfo capability capname.
>4	Error occurred as per the -S option.

Files

/etc/terminfo	The compiled terminal description database.
/usr/share/tabset/*	Tab settings for some terminals, in a format appropriate to be output to the terminal (escape sequences that set margins and tabs); for more information, see the manual for terminfo.

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tput 例子

tput init

根據環境變量TERM中的終端類型初始化終端。導出環境變量TERM之后，該命令應包含在.profile文件中。

tput -T5620 reset

重置AT＆T 5620終端，以覆蓋環境變量TERM中的終端類型。

tput cup 0 0

發送序列來移動光標到行0，列0（在屏幕的左上角，通常被稱為“家庭”光標位置）。

tput clear

回顯當前終端的清除屏幕順序。

tput cols

打印當前終端的列數。

tput -T450 cols

打印450終端的列數。

bold=`tput smso` offbold=`tput rmso`

對于當前終端，將外殼變量設置為粗體以開始突出模式序列，將offbold設置為結束突出模式序列。此命令后可能會提示：echo“ $ {bold}請輸入您的名字：$ {offbold} \ c”。

tput hc

設置退出代碼以指示當前終端是否為硬拷貝終端。

tput cup 23 4

發送序列將光標移動到第23行第4列。

tput cup

發送terminfo字符串進行光標移動，不替換任何參數。

tput longname

從terminfo數據庫中為環境變量TERM中指定的終端類型打印長名稱。

tput init

Initialize the terminal according to the type of terminal in the environment variable TERM. This command should be included in the .profile file after the environment variable TERM has been exported.

tput -T5620 reset

Reset an AT&T 5620 terminal, overriding the type of terminal in the environment variable TERM.

tput cup 0 0

Send the sequence to move the cursor to row 0, column 0 (the upper left corner of the screen, usually known as the "home" cursor position).

tput clear

Echo the clear-screen sequence for the current terminal.

tput cols

Print the number of columns for the current terminal.

tput -T450 cols

Print the number of columns for the 450 terminal.

bold=`tput smso` offbold=`tput rmso`

Set the shell variables bold, to begin stand-out mode sequence, and offbold, to end standout mode sequence, for the current terminal. This command might be followed by a prompt: echo "${bold}Please type in your name: ${offbold}\c".

tput hc

Set exit code to indicate if the current terminal is a hard copy terminal.

tput cup 23 4

Send the sequence to move the cursor to row 23, column 4.

tput cup

Send the terminfo string for cursor-movement, with no parameters substituted.

tput longname

Print the long name from the terminfo database for the type of terminal specified in the environment variable TERM.

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其他命令行

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string	tput writes the string to the standard output. No trailing newline is supplied.
integer	tput writes the decimal value to the standard output, with a trailing newline.
boolean	tput sets the exit code (0 for TRUE if the terminal has the capability, 1 for FALSE if it does not), and writes nothing to the standard output.