adduser and addgroup add users and groups to the system according to command line options and configuration information in /etc/adduser.conf. They are friendlier front ends to the low-level tools like useradd, groupadd and usermod programs, by choosing policy-conformant UID and GID values, creating a home directory with skeletal configuration, running a custom script, and other features.
There are five major ways to use adduser and addgroup can be run in one of five modes:
Add a normal user
If called with one non-option argument and without the --system or --group options, adduser will add a normal user.
adduser will choose the first available UID from the range specified for normal users in the configuration file. The UID can b overridden with the --uid option.
The range specified in the configuration file may be overridden with the --firstuid and --lastuid options.
By default, each user in a GNU/Linux system is given a corresponding group with the same name. User groups allow group writable directories to be easily maintained by placing the appropriate users in the new group, setting the set-group-ID bit in the directory, and ensuring that all users use a umask of 002. If this option is turned off by setting USERGROUPS to no, all users' GIDs are set to USERS_GID. Users' primary groups can also be overridden from the command line with the --gid or --ingroup options to set the group by id or name, respectively. Also, users can be added to one or more groups defined in adduser.conf either by setting ADD_EXTRA_GROUPS to 1 in adduser.conf, or by passing --add_extra_groups on the command line.
adduser will create a home directory subject to DHOME, GROUPHOMES, and LETTERHOMES. The home directory can be overridden from the command line with the --home option, and the shell with the --shell option. The home directory's set-group-ID bit is set if USERGROUPS is yes so that any files created in the user's home directory will have the correct group.
adduser will copy files from SKEL into the home directory and prompt for finger (gecos) information and a password. The gecos may also be set with the --gecos option. With the --disabled-login option, the account will be created but will be disabled until a password is set. The --disabled-password option will not set a password, but login is still possible (for example with SSH RSA keys). To set up an encrypted home directory for the new user, add the --encrypt-home option.
If the file /usr/local/sbin/adduser.local exists, it will be executed after the user account has been set up to do any local setup. The arguments passed to adduser.local are: "username uid gid home-directory".
The environment variable VERBOSE is set according to the following rules:
if --quiet is specified
if neither --quiet nor --debug is specified
if --debug is specified
(The same applies to the variable DEBUG, but DEBUG is deprecated and will be removed in a later version of adduser).
Add a system user
If called with one non-option argument and the --system option, adduser will add a system user. If a user with the same name already exists in the system uid range (or, if the uid is specified, if a user with that uid already exists), adduser will exit with a warning. This warning can be suppressed by adding "--quiet".
adduser will choose the first available UID from the range specified for system users in the configuration file (FIRST_SYSTEM_UID and LAST_SYSTEM_UID). If you want to have a specific UID, you can specify it using the --uid option.
By default, system users are placed in the "nogroup" group. To place the new system user in an already existing group, use the --gid or --ingroup options. To place the new system user in a new group with the same ID, use the --group option.
A home directory is created by the same rules as for normal users. The new system user will have the shell /bin/false (unless overridden with the --shell option), and have logins disabled. Skeletal configuration files are not copied.
Add a user group
If adduser is called with the --group option and without the --system option, or addgroup is called, a user group will be added.
A GID will be chosen from the range specified for system GIDS in the configuration file (FIRST_GID, LAST_GID). To override that mechanism you can give the GID using the --gid option.
The group is created with no users.
Add a system group
If addgroup is called with the --system option, a system group will be added.
A GID will be chosen from the range specified for system GIDS in the configuration file (FIRST_SYSTEM_GID, LAST_SYSTEM_GID). To override that mechanism you can give the GID using the --gid option.
The group is created with no users.
Add an existing user to an existing group
If you run adduser with two non-option arguments, it will add existing user user to group group, if it exists.
Do not run passwd to set the password. The user won't be able to use her account until the password is set.
--disabled-password
Like --disabled-login, but logins are still possible (for example using SSH RSA keys), but not using password authentication.
--force-badname
By default, user and group names are checked against the configurable regular expressionNAME_REGEX (or NAME_REGEX_SYSTEM if --system is specified) specified in the configuration file. This option forces adduser and addgroup to apply only a weak check for validity of the name.
--gecosGECOS
Set the gecos field for the new entry generated. adduser will not ask for finger information if this option is given.
--gidID
When creating a group, this option forces the new groupid to be the given number. When creating a user, this option will put the user in that group.
--group
When combined with --system, a group with the same name and ID as the system user is created. If not combined with --system, a group with the given name is created. This is the default action if the program is invoked as addgroup.
--help
Display a help message, and exit.
--homeDIR
Use DIR as the user's home directory, rather than the default specified by the configuration file. If the directory does not exist, it is created and skeleton files are copied.
--shellSHELL
Use SHELL as the user's login shell, rather than the default specified by the configuration file.
--ingroupGROUP
Add the new user to GROUP instead of a user group or the default group defined by USERS_GID in the configuration file. This affects the users primary group. To add additional groups, see the add_extra_groups option.
--no-create-home
Do not create the home directory, even if it doesn't exist.
--quiet
Suppress informational messages, only show warnings and errors.
--debug
Be verbose, which is most useful if you want to nail down a problem with adduser.
--system
Create a system user or group.
--uidID
Force the new userid to be the given number. adduser will fail if the userid is already taken.
--firstuidID
Override the first uid in the range that the uid is chosen from (overrides FIRST_UID specified in the configuration file).
--lastuidID
Override the last uid in the range that the uid is chosen from ( LAST_UID ).
--add_extra_groups
Add new user to extra groups defined in the configuration file.
--version
Display version and Copyright information.
Configuration
The file /etc/adduser.conf contains defaults for the programs adduser, addgroup, deluser and delgroup. Each line holds a single value pair in the form "option=value". Double or single quotes are allowed around the value, as is whitespace around the equals sign. Comment lines must have a hash sign ("#") in the first column.
The valid configuration options are:
DSHELL
The login shell to be used for all new users. Defaults to /bin/bash.
DHOME
The directory in which new home directories should be created. Defaults to /home.
GROUPHOMES
If this is set to yes, the home directories will be created as "/home/[groupname]/user". Defaults to no.
LETTERHOMES
If this is set to yes, then the home directories created will have an extra directory inserted that is the first letter of the loginname. For example: /home/u/user. Defaults to no.
SKEL
The directory from which skeletal user configuration files should be copied. Defaults to /etc/skel.
FIRST_SYSTEM_UID, LAST_SYSTEM_UID
specify an inclusive range of UIDs from which system UIDs can be dynamically allocated. Default to 100 - 999. Please note that system software, such as the users allocated by the base-passwd package, may assume that UIDs less than 100 are unallocated.
FIRST_UID, LAST_UID
specify an inclusive range of UIDs from which normal user's UIDs can be dynamically allocated. Default to 1000 - 29999.
FIRST_SYSTEM_GID, LAST_SYSTEM_GID
specify an inclusive range of GIDs from which system GIDs can be dynamically allocated. Default to 100 - 999.
FIRST_GID, LAST_GID
specify an inclusive range of GIDs from which normal group's GIDs can be dynamically allocated. Default to 1000 - 29999.
USERGROUPS
If this is set to yes, then each created user will be given their own group to use. If this is no, then each created user will be placed in the group whose GID is USERS_GID (see below). The default is yes.
USERS_GID
If USERGROUPS is no, then USERS_GID is the GID given to all newly-created users. The default value is 100.
DIR_MODE
If set to a valid value (e.g., 0755 or 755), directories created will have the specified permissions as umask. Otherwise, 0755 is used as default.
SETGID_HOME
If this is set to yes, then home directories for users with their own group ( USERGROUPS=yes ) will have the setgid bit set. This was the default setting for adduser versions previous to 3.13. Unfortunately, it has some bad side effects, so we no longer do this per default. If you want it nevertheless you can still activate it here.
QUOTAUSER
If set to a nonempty value, new users will have quotas copied from that user. The default is empty.
NAME_REGEX
User and group names are checked against this regular expression. If the name doesn't match this regexp, user and group creation in adduser is refused unless --force-badname is set. With --force-badname set, only weak checks are performed. The default is the most conservative ^[a-z][-a-z0-9]*$. When --system is specified, NAME_REGEX_SYSTEM is used instead.
NAME_REGEX_SYSTEM
Names of system users are checked against this regular expression. If --system is supplied and the name doesn't match this regexp, user creation in adduser is refused unless --force-badname is set. With --force-badname set, only weak checks are performed. The default is as for the default NAME_REGEX but also allowing uppercase letters.
SKEL_IGNORE_REGEX
Files in /etc/skel/ are checked against this regex, and not copied to the newly created home directory if they match. This is by default set to the regular expression matching files left over from unmerged config files (dpkg-(old|new|dist)).
ADD_EXTRA_GROUPS
Setting this to something other than 0 (the default) will cause adduser to add newly created non-system users to the list of groups defined by EXTRA_GROUPS (below).
EXTRA_GROUPS
This is the list of groups that new non-system users will be added to. By default, this list is 'dialout cdrom floppy audio video plugdev users games'.
Exit values
0
The user exists as specified. This can have 2 causes: The user was created by adduser or the user was already present on the system before adduser was invoked. If adduser was returning 0, invoking adduser a second time with the same parameters as before also returns 0.
1
Creating the user or group failed because it was already present with other UID/GID than specified. The username or groupname was rejected because of a mismatch with the configured regular expressions. adduser has been aborted by a signal.
Or this code may be returned for other undocumented reasons, which in that case are printed to console. You may then consider to remove --quiet to make adduser more verbose.
Files
/etc/adduser.conf
Default configuration file for adduser and addgroup
如果腳本/usr/local/sbin/adduser.local存在，它將執行參數用戶名uid gid主目錄，其中用戶名是mynewuser，uid是mynewuser 的用戶 ID，gid是mynewuser的組 ID，而 home 目錄是mynewuser的 home 目錄。
adduser --home /home/mynewuserhome mynewuser
創建用戶帳戶mynewuser ，并在位置/home/mynewuserhome創建其主目錄。
adduser mynewuser
Creates a new user account, mynewuser.
adduser will prompt you to assign a password for the user, and ask you for optional identifying information such as Full Name and Phone Number.
A home directory (by default, /home/mynewuser) will be created for the new user, and a user-specific group, mynewuser, will be created. The contents of the skeleton home directory, which by default is located at /etc/skel, will be copied into the new home directory.
If the script /usr/local/sbin/adduser.local exists, it will be executed with the arguments username uid gid home-directory, where username is mynewuser, uid is mynewuser's user id, gid is mynewuser's group id, and home-directory is mynewuser's home directory.
adduser --home /home/mynewuserhome mynewuser
Creates the user account mynewuser, and creates their home directory at the location /home/mynewuserhome.
adduser (將創建一個新用戶)
在像 Unix 一樣操作系統上，adduser命令將創建一個新用戶，而 addgroup 命令將創建一個新組。
On Unix-like operating systems, the adduser command creates a new user, and the addgroup command creates a new group.
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1 adduser 運行系統環境
2 adduser 描述
3 adduser 語法
4 adduser 例子
adduser 運行系統環境
Unix&Linux
adduser 描述
如何使用adduser和addgroup
adduser和addgroupadduser和組到系統根據命令行選項和配置信息在/etc/adduser.conf。它們通過選擇符合策略的 UID 和 GID 值、創建具有骨骼配置的主目錄、運行自定義腳本和其他功能，對低級工具（如useradd、groupadd和usermod 程序）更友好的前端。
有五種主要方法可以使用adduser 和addgroup可以在五種模式之一中運行：
添加普通用戶
如果使用一個非選項參數調用，并且沒有--system或-- group，則 adduser將添加一個普通用戶。
adduser將從配置文件中為普通用戶指定的范圍中選擇第一個可用的 UID。UID 可以 b 覆蓋-uid選項。
配置文件中指定的范圍可能用--firstuid 和 --lastuid 選項覆蓋。
默認情況下，GNU/Linux 系統中的每個用戶都得到一個同名的相應組。用戶組允許通過在新組中放置適當的用戶、在目錄中設置設置組 ID 位以及確保所有用戶使用umask 002來輕松維護組可寫目錄。如果通過將 USERGROUPS 設置為"否"關閉此選項，則所有用戶的 GID 都設置為USERS_GID。還可以使用--gid 或 --ingroup選項從命令行覆蓋用戶的主要組，以便分別按 id 或 名稱設置組。此外，用戶可以通過在adduser.conf中設置 ADD_EXTRA_GROUPS 到1或在命令行上傳遞--add_extra_groups 添加到一個或多個組中。
adduser將創建一個主目錄主題，主題為 DHOME、GrouphomeS 和 Letterhomes。可以使用--home選項從命令行重寫主目錄，也可以使用--shell選項覆蓋主目錄。如果 USERGROUPS是，將設置主目錄的集組 ID位，以便用戶主目錄中創建的任何文件都將具有正確的組。
adduser將文件從 SKEL 復制到主目錄，并提示手指（gecos） 信息和密碼。也可以使用 --gecos 選項設置 gecos。使用--禁用登錄選項，將創建該帳戶，但將被禁用，直到設置密碼。--禁用密碼選項不會設置密碼，但仍然可以登錄（例如使用SSH RSA密鑰）。若要為新用戶設置加密主目錄，請添加--加密主選項。
如果文件/usr/本地/sbin/adduser.local存在，則將在用戶帳戶設置為執行任何本地設置后執行。傳遞給adduser.local 的參數是："username uid gid home -directory"。
環境變量 VERBOSE 根據以下規則設置：
（這同樣適用于變量DEBUG，但DEBUG已棄用，將在Adduser的較新版本中刪除。
添加系統用戶
如果使用一個非選項參數和--系統選項調用，則 adduser將添加一個系統用戶。如果系統 uid 范圍內已存在同名用戶（或者，如果指定了 uid，則如果已存在該 uid 的用戶），則adduser將退出并發出警告。可以通過添加"-quiet"來抑制此警告。
adduser將從配置文件（和 FIRST_SYSTEM_UID）中為系統用戶指定的LAST_SYSTEM_UID。 如果要具有特定的 UID，可以使用--uid 選項指定它。
默認情況下，系統用戶被放置在"nogroup"組中。若要將新系統用戶放在已存在的組中，請使用--gid或--ingroup。若要將具有相同 ID 的新系統用戶放在新組中，請使用--group選項。
主目錄由與普通用戶相同的規則創建。新系統用戶將具有 shell /bin/false（除非使用--shell選項覆蓋），并且已禁用登錄名。不會復制骨骼配置文件。
adduser組
如果使用--group選項調用adduser，并且沒有--system選項，或者調用addgroup，則將adduser組。
將從配置文件中為系統 GIDS 指定的范圍（FIRST_GID，LAST_GID）。 若要重寫該機制，可以使用--gid 選項為 GID。
創建組時沒有用戶。
添加系統組
如果使用--系統選項調用addgroup，則將添加系統組。
將從配置文件中為系統 GIDS 指定的范圍（FIRST_SYSTEM_GIDLAST_SYSTEM_GID）中選擇 GID。若要重寫該機制，可以使用--gid 選項為 GID。
創建組時沒有用戶。
將現有用戶添加到現有組
如果使用兩個非選項參數運行 adduser，則它將現有用戶添加到組 組，如果存在。
How to use adduser and addgroup
adduser and addgroup add users and groups to the system according to command line options and configuration information in /etc/adduser.conf. They are friendlier front ends to the low-level tools like useradd, groupadd and usermod programs, by choosing policy-conformant UID and GID values, creating a home directory with skeletal configuration, running a custom script, and other features.
There are five major ways to use adduser and addgroup can be run in one of five modes:
Add a normal user
If called with one non-option argument and without the --system or --group options, adduser will add a normal user.
adduser will choose the first available UID from the range specified for normal users in the configuration file. The UID can b overridden with the --uid option.
The range specified in the configuration file may be overridden with the --firstuid and --lastuid options.
By default, each user in a GNU/Linux system is given a corresponding group with the same name. User groups allow group writable directories to be easily maintained by placing the appropriate users in the new group, setting the set-group-ID bit in the directory, and ensuring that all users use a umask of 002. If this option is turned off by setting USERGROUPS to no, all users' GIDs are set to USERS_GID. Users' primary groups can also be overridden from the command line with the --gid or --ingroup options to set the group by id or name, respectively. Also, users can be added to one or more groups defined in adduser.conf either by setting ADD_EXTRA_GROUPS to 1 in adduser.conf, or by passing --add_extra_groups on the command line.
adduser will create a home directory subject to DHOME, GROUPHOMES, and LETTERHOMES. The home directory can be overridden from the command line with the --home option, and the shell with the --shell option. The home directory's set-group-ID bit is set if USERGROUPS is yes so that any files created in the user's home directory will have the correct group.
adduser will copy files from SKEL into the home directory and prompt for finger (gecos) information and a password. The gecos may also be set with the --gecos option. With the --disabled-login option, the account will be created but will be disabled until a password is set. The --disabled-password option will not set a password, but login is still possible (for example with SSH RSA keys). To set up an encrypted home directory for the new user, add the --encrypt-home option.
If the file /usr/local/sbin/adduser.local exists, it will be executed after the user account has been set up to do any local setup. The arguments passed to adduser.local are: "username uid gid home-directory".
The environment variable VERBOSE is set according to the following rules:
(The same applies to the variable DEBUG, but DEBUG is deprecated and will be removed in a later version of adduser).
Add a system user
If called with one non-option argument and the --system option, adduser will add a system user. If a user with the same name already exists in the system uid range (or, if the uid is specified, if a user with that uid already exists), adduser will exit with a warning. This warning can be suppressed by adding "--quiet".
adduser will choose the first available UID from the range specified for system users in the configuration file (FIRST_SYSTEM_UID and LAST_SYSTEM_UID). If you want to have a specific UID, you can specify it using the --uid option.
By default, system users are placed in the "nogroup" group. To place the new system user in an already existing group, use the --gid or --ingroup options. To place the new system user in a new group with the same ID, use the --group option.
A home directory is created by the same rules as for normal users. The new system user will have the shell /bin/false (unless overridden with the --shell option), and have logins disabled. Skeletal configuration files are not copied.
Add a user group
If adduser is called with the --group option and without the --system option, or addgroup is called, a user group will be added.
A GID will be chosen from the range specified for system GIDS in the configuration file (FIRST_GID, LAST_GID). To override that mechanism you can give the GID using the --gid option.
The group is created with no users.
Add a system group
If addgroup is called with the --system option, a system group will be added.
A GID will be chosen from the range specified for system GIDS in the configuration file (FIRST_SYSTEM_GID, LAST_SYSTEM_GID). To override that mechanism you can give the GID using the --gid option.
The group is created with no users.
Add an existing user to an existing group
If you run adduser with two non-option arguments, it will add existing user user to group group, if it exists.
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adduser 語法
adduser [--system] [--home DIR] [--shell SHELL] [--no-create-home] [--uid ID] [--firstuid ID] [--lastuid ID] [--ingroup GROUP | --gid ID] [--disabled-password] [--disabled-login] [--gecos GECOS] [--add_extra_groups] [--encrypt-home] [--quiet] [--debug] [--force-badname] [--help|-h] [--version] [--conf FILE] useraddgroup [--system] [--quiet] [--debug] [--force-badname] [--help|-h] [--version] [--conf FILE] [--gid ID] group選項
- - conf file
使用文件而不是/etc/adduser.conf。
-- disabled-login
不要運行passwd來設置密碼。在設置密碼之前，用戶將無法使用她的帳戶。
--禁用密碼
像--disabled-login，但登錄仍然是可能的（例如使用 SSH RSA 密鑰），但不使用密碼身份驗證。
- - disabled-password
默認情況下，根據配置文件中指定的可配置正則表達式 NAME_REGEX（NAME_REGEX_SYSTEM -system）檢查用戶和組名稱。此選項強制添加user 和 add 組僅應用對名稱有效性的弱檢查。
- -force-badname
為生成的新條目設置 gecos 字段。如果提供了此選項，adduser 不會詢問手指信息。
- - gid ID
創建組時，此選項強制新組 id 為給定數字。創建用戶時，此選項將用戶放在該組中。
- - group
與--system 結合使用時，將創建與系統用戶具有相同名稱和 ID 的組。如果不與--system 組合使用 ，將創建一個具有給定名稱的組。如果程序被調用為添加組，則這是默認操作。
- - help
顯示幫助消息，然后退出。
- - home DIR
使用DIR作為用戶主目錄，而不是配置文件指定的默認值。如果該目錄不存在，則創建該目錄并復制骨架文件。
- - shell SHELL
使用SHELL作為用戶的登錄外殼，而不是配置文件指定的默認值。
-- ingroup GROUP
將新用戶添加到GROUP，而不是配置文件中由用戶USERS_GID的默認組。這會影響用戶主組。若要添加其他組，請參閱add_extra_groups選項。
--no-create-home
不要創建主目錄，即使它不存在。
- - quiet
禁止顯示信息性消息，僅顯示警告和錯誤。
- - debug
詳細，這是最有用的，如果你想確定一個問題與adduser。
- - system
創建系統用戶或組。
- - uid ID
強制新用戶 ID 為給定編號。如果已使用用戶 ID，adduser 將失敗。
- - firstuid ID
覆蓋從 uid 選擇的范圍中的第一個 uid（FIRST_UID配置文件中指定的操作）。
- -lastuid ID
覆蓋從 （從） 選擇 uid 的范圍內的最后一個 uid （LAST_UID ）。
- add_extra_groups
將新用戶添加到配置文件中定義的額外組。
- - version
顯示版本和版權信息。
配置
文件/etc/adduser.conf包含程序的默認值，即adduser、addgroup、deluser 和 delgroup。每行在窗體 "option = value " 中保留單個值對。值周圍允許雙引號或單引號，equalss 符號周圍的空格也允許。注釋行在第一列中必須有一個哈希符號（"\"）。
有效的配置選項包括：
DSHELL
要用于所有新用戶的登錄外殼。默認值為/bin/bash。
DHOME
應在其中創建新主目錄的目錄。默認值為/home。
GROUPHOMES
如果設置為"是"，則主目錄將創建為"/home/ [groupname] /user"。默認值為否。
LETTERHOMES
如果設置為"yes"，則創建主目錄將插入一個額外的目錄，該目錄是登錄名的第一個字母。例如： /home/u/user。默認值為no。
SKEL
應從中復制骨骼用戶配置文件的目錄。默認值為/etc/skel。
FIRST_SYSTEM_UID， LAST_SYSTEM_UID
指定可從中動態分配系統 UID 的包含范圍。默認值為100 - 999。請注意，系統軟件（如由 base-passwd 包分配的用戶）可能假定小于 100 的 UID 未分配。
FIRST_UID， LAST_UID
指定可從中動態分配普通用戶的 UID 的包含范圍。默認值為1000 - 29999。
FIRST_SYSTEM_GID， LAST_SYSTEM_GID
指定可從中動態分配系統 GID 的包含范圍 GID。默認值為100 - 999。
FIRST_GID， LAST_GID
指定可從中動態分配普通組的 GID 的包含范圍。默認值為1000 - 29999。
USERGROUPS
如果設置為"yes"，則每個創建的用戶都將獲得自己的組以使用。如果"否"，則每個創建的用戶將被放置在 GID 為其USERS_GID（見下文）。默認值為"yes"。
USERS_GID
如果USERGROUPS 是 USERS_GID則是給所有新創建用戶的 GID。默認值為100。
DIR_MODE
如果設置為有效值（例如0755或755），則創建的目錄將具有指定為 umask 的指定權限。否則，0755將用作默認值。
SETGID_HOME
如果設置為"是"，則具有自己組（USERGROUPS=yes）的用戶主目錄將設置 setgid 位。這是 3.13之前添加用戶版本的默認設置。不幸的是，它有一些不好的副作用，所以我們不再這樣做，每個默認值。如果你想要它，你仍然可以在這里激活它。
QUOTAUSER
如果設置為非空值，則新用戶將從該用戶復制配額。默認值為空。
NAME_REGEX
根據此正則表達式檢查用戶和組名稱。如果名稱與此 regexp 不匹配，則除非設置--force-badname，否則將拒絕在 adduser 中創建用戶和組。使用--force-badname，僅執行弱檢查。默認值是最保守的\a-z\-a-z0-9\*$。指定系統時，NAME_REGEX_SYSTEM使用系統。
NAME_REGEX_SYSTEM
根據此正則表達式檢查系統用戶的名稱。如果提供 --system且名稱與此 regexp 不匹配，則除非設置了--force-badname，否則將拒絕在 adduser 中創建用戶。使用--force-badname，僅執行弱檢查。默認值為默認字母，NAME_REGEX允許大寫字母。
SKEL_IGNORE_REGEX
/etc/skel/ 中的文件將針對此正則表達式進行檢查，如果它們匹配，則不會復制到新創建主目錄。默認情況下，這設置為未合并的配置文件（dpkg-（old |new|dist））
ADD_EXTRA_GROUPS
將其設置為0以外的內容（默認值）將導致添加者將新創建的非系統用戶添加到由 EXTRA_GROUPS 定義的組列表中。
EXTRA_GROUPS
這是將添加到新非系統用戶的組列表。默認情況下，此列表是"撥號 cdrom 軟盤音頻視頻插件用戶游戲"。
退出值
0
用戶存在指定。這有兩個原因：用戶是由添加用戶創建的，或者用戶在調用添加用戶之前已經在系統上出現。如果adduser返回 0，則第二次調用 adduser時具有與以前相同的參數，也返回0。
1
創建用戶或組失敗，因為它已與其他 UID/GID 一起存在，而不是指定。由于與配置的正則表達式不匹配，用戶名或組名被拒絕。adduser已被信號中止。
或者，出于其他未記錄的原因，可能會返回此代碼，在這種情況下，這些原因將打印到控制臺。然后，您可以考慮刪除--quiet，使adduser更加詳細。
文件
/etc/adduser.conf
addgroup和adduser的默認配置文件
adduser [--system] [--home DIR] [--shell SHELL] [--no-create-home] [--uid ID] [--firstuid ID] [--lastuid ID] [--ingroup GROUP | --gid ID] [--disabled-password] [--disabled-login] [--gecos GECOS] [--add_extra_groups] [--encrypt-home] [--quiet] [--debug] [--force-badname] [--help|-h] [--version] [--conf FILE] useraddgroup [--system] [--quiet] [--debug] [--force-badname] [--help|-h] [--version] [--conf FILE] [--gid ID] groupOptions
--conf FILE
Use FILE instead of /etc/adduser.conf.
--disabled-login
Do not run passwd to set the password. The user won't be able to use her account until the password is set.
--disabled-password
Like --disabled-login, but logins are still possible (for example using SSH RSA keys), but not using password authentication.
--force-badname
By default, user and group names are checked against the configurable regular expression NAME_REGEX (or NAME_REGEX_SYSTEM if --system is specified) specified in the configuration file. This option forces adduser and addgroup to apply only a weak check for validity of the name.
--gecos GECOS
Set the gecos field for the new entry generated. adduser will not ask for finger information if this option is given.
--gid ID
When creating a group, this option forces the new groupid to be the given number. When creating a user, this option will put the user in that group.
--group
When combined with --system, a group with the same name and ID as the system user is created. If not combined with --system, a group with the given name is created. This is the default action if the program is invoked as addgroup.
--help
Display a help message, and exit.
--home DIR
Use DIR as the user's home directory, rather than the default specified by the configuration file. If the directory does not exist, it is created and skeleton files are copied.
--shell SHELL
Use SHELL as the user's login shell, rather than the default specified by the configuration file.
--ingroup GROUP
Add the new user to GROUP instead of a user group or the default group defined by USERS_GID in the configuration file. This affects the users primary group. To add additional groups, see the add_extra_groups option.
--no-create-home
Do not create the home directory, even if it doesn't exist.
--quiet
Suppress informational messages, only show warnings and errors.
--debug
Be verbose, which is most useful if you want to nail down a problem with adduser.
--system
Create a system user or group.
--uid ID
Force the new userid to be the given number. adduser will fail if the userid is already taken.
--firstuid ID
Override the first uid in the range that the uid is chosen from (overrides FIRST_UID specified in the configuration file).
--lastuid ID
Override the last uid in the range that the uid is chosen from ( LAST_UID ).
--add_extra_groups
Add new user to extra groups defined in the configuration file.
--version
Display version and Copyright information.
Configuration
The file /etc/adduser.conf contains defaults for the programs adduser, addgroup, deluser and delgroup. Each line holds a single value pair in the form "option = value". Double or single quotes are allowed around the value, as is whitespace around the equals sign. Comment lines must have a hash sign ("#") in the first column.
The valid configuration options are:
DSHELL
The login shell to be used for all new users. Defaults to /bin/bash.
DHOME
The directory in which new home directories should be created. Defaults to /home.
GROUPHOMES
If this is set to yes, the home directories will be created as "/home/[groupname]/user". Defaults to no.
LETTERHOMES
If this is set to yes, then the home directories created will have an extra directory inserted that is the first letter of the loginname. For example: /home/u/user. Defaults to no.
SKEL
The directory from which skeletal user configuration files should be copied. Defaults to /etc/skel.
FIRST_SYSTEM_UID, LAST_SYSTEM_UID
specify an inclusive range of UIDs from which system UIDs can be dynamically allocated. Default to 100 - 999. Please note that system software, such as the users allocated by the base-passwd package, may assume that UIDs less than 100 are unallocated.
FIRST_UID, LAST_UID
specify an inclusive range of UIDs from which normal user's UIDs can be dynamically allocated. Default to 1000 - 29999.
FIRST_SYSTEM_GID, LAST_SYSTEM_GID
specify an inclusive range of GIDs from which system GIDs can be dynamically allocated. Default to 100 - 999.
FIRST_GID, LAST_GID
specify an inclusive range of GIDs from which normal group's GIDs can be dynamically allocated. Default to 1000 - 29999.
USERGROUPS
If this is set to yes, then each created user will be given their own group to use. If this is no, then each created user will be placed in the group whose GID is USERS_GID (see below). The default is yes.
USERS_GID
If USERGROUPS is no, then USERS_GID is the GID given to all newly-created users. The default value is 100.
DIR_MODE
If set to a valid value (e.g., 0755 or 755), directories created will have the specified permissions as umask. Otherwise, 0755 is used as default.
SETGID_HOME
If this is set to yes, then home directories for users with their own group ( USERGROUPS=yes ) will have the setgid bit set. This was the default setting for adduser versions previous to 3.13. Unfortunately, it has some bad side effects, so we no longer do this per default. If you want it nevertheless you can still activate it here.
QUOTAUSER
If set to a nonempty value, new users will have quotas copied from that user. The default is empty.
NAME_REGEX
User and group names are checked against this regular expression. If the name doesn't match this regexp, user and group creation in adduser is refused unless --force-badname is set. With --force-badname set, only weak checks are performed. The default is the most conservative ^[a-z][-a-z0-9]*$. When --system is specified, NAME_REGEX_SYSTEM is used instead.
NAME_REGEX_SYSTEM
Names of system users are checked against this regular expression. If --system is supplied and the name doesn't match this regexp, user creation in adduser is refused unless --force-badname is set. With --force-badname set, only weak checks are performed. The default is as for the default NAME_REGEX but also allowing uppercase letters.
SKEL_IGNORE_REGEX
Files in /etc/skel/ are checked against this regex, and not copied to the newly created home directory if they match. This is by default set to the regular expression matching files left over from unmerged config files (dpkg-(old|new|dist)).
ADD_EXTRA_GROUPS
Setting this to something other than 0 (the default) will cause adduser to add newly created non-system users to the list of groups defined by EXTRA_GROUPS (below).
EXTRA_GROUPS
This is the list of groups that new non-system users will be added to. By default, this list is 'dialout cdrom floppy audio video plugdev users games'.
Exit values
0
The user exists as specified. This can have 2 causes: The user was created by adduser or the user was already present on the system before adduser was invoked. If adduser was returning 0, invoking adduser a second time with the same parameters as before also returns 0.
1
Creating the user or group failed because it was already present with other UID/GID than specified. The username or groupname was rejected because of a mismatch with the configured regular expressions. adduser has been aborted by a signal.
Or this code may be returned for other undocumented reasons, which in that case are printed to console. You may then consider to remove --quiet to make adduser more verbose.
Files
/etc/adduser.conf
Default configuration file for adduser and addgroup
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adduser 例子
創建新的用戶帳戶mynewuser。
adduser將提示您為用戶分配密碼，并要求您提供可選的標識信息，如全名和電話號碼。
將為新用戶創建一個主目錄（默認情況下，/home/mynewuser），并將創建一個特定于用戶的組 mynewuser。骨架主目錄的內容（默認情況下位于/etc/skel）將被復制到新的主目錄中。
如果腳本/usr/local/sbin/adduser.local存在，它將執行參數用戶名uid gid主目錄，其中用戶名是mynewuser ，uid是mynewuser 的用戶 ID，gid是mynewuser的組 ID，而 home 目錄是mynewuser的 home 目錄。
創建用戶帳戶mynewuser ，并在位置/home/mynewuserhome創建其主目錄。
Creates a new user account, mynewuser.
adduser will prompt you to assign a password for the user, and ask you for optional identifying information such as Full Name and Phone Number.
A home directory (by default, /home/mynewuser) will be created for the new user, and a user-specific group, mynewuser, will be created. The contents of the skeleton home directory, which by default is located at /etc/skel, will be copied into the new home directory.
If the script /usr/local/sbin/adduser.local exists, it will be executed with the arguments username uid gid home-directory, where username is mynewuser, uid is mynewuser's user id, gid is mynewuser's group id, and home-directory is mynewuser's home directory.
Creates the user account mynewuser, and creates their home directory at the location /home/mynewuserhome.
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其他命令行
apt-cache | apt-get | ar | arch | arp | as | a2p | aspell | ac | at | awk | a2p | apropos | alias | agrep | addgroup |