finger (查找并顯示有關(guān)系統(tǒng)用戶的信息)

rose1 發(fā)表于 2020-09-15 09:03

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命令行 Unix&Linux命令 finger

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在類似Unix的操作系統(tǒng)上，finger命令將查找并顯示有關(guān)系統(tǒng)用戶的信息。

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1 finger 運(yùn)行系統(tǒng)環(huán)境

2 finger 語法

3 finger 例子

finger 運(yùn)行系統(tǒng)環(huán)境

Linux

finger 語法

finger [-lmsp] [user ...] [user@host ...]

選件

-s	顯示用戶的登錄名，真實(shí)姓名，終端名稱和寫狀態(tài)（如果拒絕寫權(quán)限，則在終端名稱后顯示為*“ ”** ），空閑時間，登錄時間，辦公室位置和辦公室電話號碼。登錄時間顯示為月，日，小時和分鐘，除非已超過六個月前，在這種情況下，將顯示年份而不是小時和分鐘。未知設(shè)備以及不存在的空閑和登錄時間均顯示為單個星號。
-l	產(chǎn)生多行格式，顯示針對-s選項(xiàng)描述的所有信息以及用戶的主目錄，家庭電話號碼，登錄外殼，郵件狀態(tài)以及文件“ .plan”，“。project”的內(nèi)容，用戶主目錄中的 “ .pgpkey”和“ .forward” 。指定為十一位數(shù)字的電話號碼打印為“ + N-NNN-NNN-NNNN ”。指定為十位數(shù)或七位數(shù)的數(shù)字將作為該字符串的適當(dāng)子集進(jìn)行打印。指定為五位數(shù)字的數(shù)字被打印為“ xN-NNNN ”。指定為四位數(shù)的數(shù)字將打印為“ xNNNN ”。（關(guān)閉消息）在包含設(shè)備名稱的行之后添加。- l選項(xiàng)為每個用戶顯示一個條目；如果用戶多次登錄，則每次登錄都會重復(fù)一次終端信息。郵件狀態(tài)顯示為“ 沒有郵件。“如果根本沒有郵件，”如果該人自收到新郵件以來一直在看他們的郵箱，則為“ 上次讀取的郵件DDD MMM ## HH：MM YYYY（TZ） ”，否則為“未讀”因?yàn)?..”，如果他們有新郵件。
-p	防止-l的選項(xiàng)手指從顯示“的內(nèi)容。計劃 ”，“ .project文件 ”和“ .pgpkey ”文件。
-m	防止用戶名匹配。的用戶通常是一個登錄名; 但是，除非提供-m選項(xiàng)，否則還將對用戶的真實(shí)姓名進(jìn)行匹配。用手指執(zhí)行的所有名稱匹配都不區(qū)分大小寫。

如果未指定任何選項(xiàng)，則在提供操作數(shù)的情況下，finger默認(rèn)為-l樣式輸出，否則為-s樣式。請注意，如果沒有可用的信息，則可能會缺少兩種格式的某些字段。

如果未指定任何參數(shù)，finger將為當(dāng)前登錄到系統(tǒng)的每個用戶打印一個條目。

Finger可用于在遠(yuǎn)程計算機(jī)上查找用戶。格式是將用戶指定為“ user @ host ”或“ @host ”，其中前者的默認(rèn)輸出格式為-l樣式，后者的默認(rèn)輸出格式為-s樣式。該-l選項(xiàng)是可以傳遞到遠(yuǎn)程機(jī)器的唯一選擇。

如果標(biāo)準(zhǔn)輸出是套接字，則finger將在每次換行（^ J）之前發(fā)出回車符（^ M）。這種格式是用于當(dāng)由調(diào)用處理遠(yuǎn)程手指請求的fingerd，手指守護(hù)程序。

檔案

~/.nofinger

如果finger在用戶的主目錄中找到此文件，則對于源于本地主機(jī)之外的finger請求，它將堅決拒絕該用戶的存在。為此，fingerd啟動的finger程序必須能夠查看.nofinger文件。通常，這意味著包含文件的主目錄必須設(shè)置“ 其他用戶執(zhí)行”位（o + x）。（請參閱chmod）。如果出于隱私目的使用此功能，請以“ finger @localhost ”進(jìn)行測試，以防萬一。

~/.plan

~/.project

~/.pgpkey

這些文件作為長格式請求的一部分

finger [-lmsp] [user ...] [user@host ...]

Options

-s	Displays the user's login name, real name, terminal name and write status (as a "*" after the terminal name if write permission is denied), idle time, login time, office location and office phone number. Login time is displayed as month, day, hours and minutes, unless more than six months ago, in which case the year is displayed rather than the hours and minutes. Unknown devices as well as nonexistent idle and login times are displayed as single asterisks.
-l	Produces a multi-line format displaying all of the information described for the -s option as well as the user's home directory, home phone number, login shell, mail status, and the contents of the files ".plan", ".project", ".pgpkey" and ".forward" from the user's home directory. Phone numbers specified as eleven digits are printed as "+N-NNN-NNN-NNNN". Numbers specified as ten or seven digits are printed as the appropriate subset of that string. Numbers specified as five digits are printed as "xN-NNNN". Numbers specified as four digits are printed as "xNNNN". If write permission is denied to the device, the phrase "(messages off)" is appended to the line containing the device name. One entry per user is displayed with the -l option; if a user is logged on multiple times, terminal information is repeated once per login. Mail status is shown as "No Mail." if there is no mail at all, "Mail last read DDD MMM ## HH:MM YYYY (TZ)" if the person has looked at their mailbox since new mail arriving, or "New mail received ...", " Unread since ..." if they have new mail.
-p	Prevents the -l option of finger from displaying the contents of the ".plan", ".project" and ".pgpkey" files.
-m	Prevent matching of usernames. The user is usually a login name; however, matching will also be done on the users' real names, unless the -m option is supplied. All name matching performed by finger is case insensitive.

If no options are specified, finger defaults to the -l style output if operands are provided, otherwise to the -s style. Note that some fields may be missing, in either format, if information is not available for them.

If no arguments are specified, finger will print an entry for each user currently logged into the system.

Finger may be used to look up users on a remote machine. The format is to specify a user as "user@host", or "@host", where the default output format for the former is the -l style, and the default output format for the latter is the -s style. The -l option is the only option that may be passed to a remote machine.

If standard output is a socket, finger will emit a carriage return (^M) before every linefeed (^J). This format is for processing remote finger requests when invoked by fingerd, the finger daemon.

Files

~/.nofinger

If finger finds this file in a user's home directory, it will, for finger requests originating outside the local host, firmly deny the existence of that user. For this to work, the finger program, as started by fingerd, must be able to see the .nofinger file. This generally means that the home directory containing the file must have the other-users-execute bit set (o+x). (See chmod). If you use this feature for privacy, please test it with "finger @localhost" before relying on it, just in case.

~/.plan

~/.project

~/.pgpkey

These files are printed as part of a long-format request. The .plan file may be of any length.

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finger 例子

finger -p ch

顯示有關(guān)用戶ch的信息。輸出將類似于以下內(nèi)容：

Login name: admin
In real life: Computer Hope
On since Feb 11 23:37:16 on pts/7 from domain.computerhope.com
28 seconds Idle Time
Unread mail since Mon Feb 12 00:22:52 2001

finger -p ch

Display information about the user ch. Output will appear similar to the following:

Login name: admin
In real life: Computer Hope
On since Feb 11 23:37:16 on pts/7 from domain.computerhope.com
28 seconds Idle Time
Unread mail since Mon Feb 12 00:22:52 2001

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