On Unix-like operating systems, the tr command automatically translates (substitutes, or maps) one set of characters to another.
This document covers the GNU/Linux version of tr.
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目錄
1 tr 運行系統環境
2 tr 說明
3 tr 語法
4 tr 例子
tr 運行系統環境
Linux
tr 說明
TR實用程序拷貝輸入標準與取代或選擇的字符的刪除標準輸出。
The tr utility copies the standard input to the standard output with substitution or deletion of selected characters.
When "當“ [：降低：] ”出現在字符串1和“ [：上：] ”顯示在相同的相對位置字符串2，它代表從所述TOUPPER映射字符對LC_CTYPE當前區域的類別。當“ [：upper：] ”出現在string1中，而[[：lower：] “出現在string2中的相同相對位置時，它表示當前語言環境的LC_CTYPE類別中來自下層映射的字符對。 category of the current locale.
除大小寫轉換外，類中的字符未指定順序。
有關這些類中包含哪些ASCII字符的特定信息，請參見ctype和相關的手冊頁。
“ [= equiv =] ”表示與equiv屬于同等類的所有字符，并按其編碼值排序。
[#*n]
[ ＃* n ] 表示?所代表的字符的重復出現＃。該表達式僅在出現在string2中時才有效。如果省略n或為零，則將其解釋為足夠大以將string2序列擴展為string1的長度。如果n具有前導零，則將其解釋為八進制值，否則，將其解釋為十進制值。
環境
該LANG，LC_ALL，LC_CTYPE和LC_COLLATE 環境變量影響的執行TR。
退出狀態
如果成功運行，tr會返回退出狀態0，如果發生錯誤則返回大于零的值。
tr [-Ccsu] string1 string2
In this form, the characters in the string string1 are translated into the characters in string2 where the first character in string1 is translated into the first character in string2 and so on. If string1 is longer than string2, the last character found in string2 is duplicated until string1 is exhausted.
tr [-Ccu] -d string1
In this form, the characters in string1 are deleted from the input.
tr [-Ccu] -s string1
In this form, the characters in string1 are compressed as described for the -s option (see below).
tr [-Ccu] -ds string1 string2
In the fourth form, the characters in string1 are deleted from the input, and the characters in string2 are compressed as described for the -s option.
Options
-C
Complement the set of characters in string1, that is "-C ab" includes every character except for 'a' and 'b'.
-c
Same as -C but complement the set of values in string1.
-d
Delete characters in string1 from the input.
-s
Squeeze multiple occurrences of the characters listed in the last operand (either string1 or string2) in the input into a single instance of the character. This occurs after all deletion and translation is completed.
-u
Guarantee that any output is unbuffered.
How Characters Are Specified
When specifying the characters to translate with tr, the following conventions are used to represent sets (or "classes") of characters.
Any character not described by one of the following conventions represents itself.
\octal
A backslash followed by 1, 2 or 3 octal digits represents a character with that encoded value. To follow an octal sequence with a digit as a character, pad the octal sequence on the left with zeroes.
\character
A backslash followed by certain special characters maps to special values:
\a
The "alert" character, which issues a notification or alert to the terminal.
\b
Backspace.
\f
Form feed.
\n
Newline.
\r
Carriage return.
\t
Tab.
\v
Vertical tab.
A backslash followed by any other character maps to that character.
c-c
Character range. For non-octal range endpoints represents the range of characters between the range endpoints, inclusive and in ascending order, as defined by the collation sequence. If either or both of the range endpoints are octal sequences, it represents the range of specific coded values between the range endpoints, inclusive.
[:class:]
Represents all characters belonging to the defined character class. Class names are:
alnum
Alphanumeric characters.
alpha
Alphabetic characters.
blank
White space characters.
cntrl
Control characters.
digit
Numeric characters.
graph
Graphic characters.
ideogram
Ideographic characters.
lower
Lowercase alphabetic characters.
phonogram
Phonographic characters.
print
Printable characters.
punct
Punctuation characters.
rune
Valid characters.
space
Space characters.
special
Special characters.
upper
Uppercase alphabetic characters.
xdigit
Hexadecimal characters.
When "[:lower:]" appears in string1 and "[:upper:]" appears in the same relative position in string2, it represents the characters pairs from the toupper mapping in the LC_CTYPE category of the current locale. When "[:upper:]" appears in string1 and "[:lower:]" appears in the same relative position in string2, it represents the characters pairs from the tolower mapping in the LC_CTYPE category of the current locale.
With the exception of case conversion, characters in the classes are in unspecified order.
For specific information as to which ASCII characters are included in these classes, see ctype and related manual pages.
"[=equiv=]" Represents all characters belonging to the same equivalence class as equiv, ordered by their encoded values.
[#*n]
Represents n repeated occurrences of the character represented by #. This expression is only valid when it occurs in string2. If n is omitted, or is zero, it is be interpreted as large enough to extend string2 sequence to the length of string1. If n has a leading zero, it is interpreted as an octal value, otherwise, it is interpreted as a decimal value.
Environment
The LANG, LC_ALL, LC_CTYPE and LC_COLLATE environment variables affect the execution of tr.
Exit Status
tr returns an exit status of 0 if it operated successfully, and a value greater than zero if an error occurred.
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tr 例子
tr -cs "[:alpha:]" "\n" < file1
在file1中創建單詞列表，每行一個，其中一個單詞被視為字母的最大字符串。
tr "[:lower:]" "[:upper:]" < file1
將file1的內容轉換為大寫。
tr -cd "[:print:]" < file1
從file1中刪除所有不可打印的字符。
tr "[=e=]" "e"
從字母e的重音版本中刪除所有“變音”標記。
tr -cs "[:alpha:]" "\n" < file1
Create a list of the words in file1, one per line, where a word is taken to be a maximal string of letters.
tr "[:lower:]" "[:upper:]" < file1
Translate the contents of file1 to uppercase.
tr -cd "[:print:]" < file1
Remove all non-printable characters from file1.
tr "[=e=]" "e"
Remove all "diacritical" marks from accented versions of the letter e.
tr (自動將一組字符轉換（替代或映射）到另一組字符)
在類似Unix的操作系統上，tr命令會自動將一組字符轉換（替代或映射）到另一組字符。 本文檔介紹了tr的GNU / Linux版本。
On Unix-like operating systems, the tr command automatically translates (substitutes, or maps) one set of characters to another. This document covers the GNU/Linux version of tr.
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1 tr 運行系統環境
2 tr 說明
3 tr 語法
4 tr 例子
tr 運行系統環境
Linux
tr 說明
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tr 語法
在這種形式下，在字符串 字符串1被轉換成中的字符字符串2其中在第一字符字符串1被轉換成在第一個字符字符串2等。如果string1比string2長，則復制string2中找到的最后一個字符，直到用盡string1。
以這種形式，string1中的字符將從輸入中刪除。
按照這種形式，如-s選項所述，壓縮string1中的字符（請參見下文）。
在第四形式，在字符字符串1從輸入刪除，并且在字符字符串2是如對于所描述的壓縮-s選項。
選件
如何指定字符
當指定要使用tr轉換的字符時，以下約定用于表示字符集（或“類”）。
下列約定之一未描述的任何字符均表示其自身。
反斜杠后跟某些特殊字符會映射為特殊值：
[：課程：] 表示屬于定義的字符類的所有字符。類名是：
除大小寫轉換外，類中的字符未指定順序。
有關這些類中包含哪些ASCII字符的特定信息，請參見ctype和相關的手冊頁。
“ [= equiv =] ”表示與equiv屬于同等類的所有字符，并按其編碼值排序。
環境
該LANG，LC_ALL，LC_CTYPE和LC_COLLATE 環境變量影響的執行TR。
退出狀態
如果成功運行，tr會返回退出狀態0，如果發生錯誤則返回大于零的值。
In this form, the characters in the string string1 are translated into the characters in string2 where the first character in string1 is translated into the first character in string2 and so on. If string1 is longer than string2, the last character found in string2 is duplicated until string1 is exhausted.
In this form, the characters in string1 are deleted from the input.
In this form, the characters in string1 are compressed as described for the -s option (see below).
In the fourth form, the characters in string1 are deleted from the input, and the characters in string2 are compressed as described for the -s option.
Options
How Characters Are Specified
When specifying the characters to translate with tr, the following conventions are used to represent sets (or "classes") of characters.
Any character not described by one of the following conventions represents itself.
A backslash followed by certain special characters maps to special values:
With the exception of case conversion, characters in the classes are in unspecified order.
For specific information as to which ASCII characters are included in these classes, see ctype and related manual pages.
"[=equiv=]" Represents all characters belonging to the same equivalence class as equiv, ordered by their encoded values.
Environment
The LANG, LC_ALL, LC_CTYPE and LC_COLLATE environment variables affect the execution of tr.
Exit Status
tr returns an exit status of 0 if it operated successfully, and a value greater than zero if an error occurred.
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tr 例子
在file1中創建單詞列表，每行一個，其中一個單詞被視為字母的最大字符串。
將file1的內容轉換為大寫。
從file1中刪除所有不可打印的字符。
從字母e的重音版本中刪除所有“變音”標記。
Create a list of the words in file1, one per line, where a word is taken to be a maximal string of letters.
Translate the contents of file1 to uppercase.
Remove all non-printable characters from file1.
Remove all "diacritical" marks from accented versions of the letter e.
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其他命令行
tabs | tac | talk | tail | tcopy | tty | tar | tbl | tcpdump | tcsh | time | tee | timex | telinit | telnet | test | top | touch | tput | troff | traceroute |