Add the user to the supplementary group(s). Use only with the -G option.
-cCOMMENT, --commentCOMMENT
The new value of the user's password file comment field. It is normally modified using the chfn utility.
-d, --homeHOME_DIR
The user's new login directory.
If the -m option is given, the contents of the current home directory will be moved to the new home directory, which is created if it does not already exist.
-eEXPIRE_DATE, --expiredateEXPIRE_DATE
The date on which the user account will be disabled. The date is specified in the format YYYY-MM-DD. An empty EXPIRE_DATEargument will disable the expiration of the account.
This option requires a /etc/shadow file. A /etc/shadow entry will be created if there were none.
-fINACTIVE, --inactiveINACTIVE
The number of days after a password expires until the account is permanently disabled.
A value of 0 disables the account as soon as the password has expired, and a value of -1 disables the feature.
This option requires a /etc/shadow file. A /etc/shadow entry will be created if there were none.
-gGROUP, --gidGROUP
The group name or number of the user's new initial login group. The group must exist.
Any file from the user's home directory owned by the previous primary group of the user will be owned by this new group.
-G, --groupsGROUP1[,GROUP2,...[,GROUPN]]
A list of groups that contain the user as a member. Each group is separated from the next by a comma, with no intervening whitespace. The groups are subject to the same restrictions as the group given with the -g option. If the user is currently a member of a group that is not listed, the user will be removed from the group.
-lNEW_LOGIN, --loginNEW_LOGIN
The name of the user will be changed from LOGIN to NEW_LOGIN. Nothing else is changed. In particular, the user's home directory or mailspool should probably be renamed manually to reflect the new login name.
-L, --lock
Lock a user's password. This puts a "!" in front of the encrypted password, effectively disabling the password. You can't use this option with -p or -U.
Note: if you want to lock the account (not only access with a password), you should also set the EXPIRE_DATE to 1 using -e (see above).
-m, --move-home
Move the content of the user's home directory to the new location.
This option is only valid in combination with the -d (or --home) option.
usermod will try to adapt the ownership of the files and to copy the modes, ACL and extended attributes, but manual changes might be needed afterwards.
-o, --non-unique
When used with the -u option, this option allows to change the user ID to a non-unique value.
-pPASSWORD, --passwordPASSWORD
The encrypted password, as returned by crypt.
Note: This option is not recommended because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes (using the ps command, for instance).
The password will be written in the local /etc/passwd or /etc/shadow file. This might differ from the password database configured in your PAM (Pluggable Authentication Module) configuration.
You should make sure the password respects the system's password policy.
-RCHROOT_DIR, --rootCHROOT_DIR
Apply changes in the CHROOT_DIRchroot directory and use the configuration files from the CHROOT_DIR directory.
-sSHELL, --shellSHELL
The name of the user's new login shell. Setting this field to blank causes the system to select the default login shell.
-u, --uidUID
The new numerical value of the user's ID.
This value must be unique, unless the -o option is used. The value must be non-negative.
The user's mailbox, and any files which the user owns and that are located in the user's home directory will have the file user ID changed automatically.
The ownership of files outside of the user's home directory must be fixed manually.
No checks will be performed with regard to the UID_MIN, UID_MAX, SYS_UID_MIN, or SYS_UID_MAX values from /etc/login.defs.
-U, --unlock
Unlock a user's password. This removes the "!" in front of the encrypted password. You can't use this option with -p or -L.
Note: if you want to unlock the account (not only access with a password), you should also set the EXPIRE_DATE (for example to 99999, or to the EXPIRE value from /etc/default/useradd) using the -e option (see above).
-ZSEUSER, --selinux-userSEUSER
The new SELinux user for the user's login.
A blank SEUSER will remove the SELinux user mapping for user LOGIN (if any).
Notes
You must make certain that the named user is not executing any processes when this command is being executed if the user's numerical user ID, the user's name, or the user's home directory is being changed. usermod checks this on Linux, but only checks if the user is logged in according to the utmp file on other systems.
You must change the owner of any crontab files or at jobs manually.
You must make any changes involving NIS (Network Information Service) on the NIS server.
Configuration
The following configuration variables in /etc/login.defs change the behavior of this tool:
Name
Type
Description
MAIL_DIR
string
The mail spool directory. This is needed to manipulate the mailbox when its corresponding user account is modified or deleted. If not specified, a compile-time default is used.
MAIL_FILE
string
Defines the location of the users' mail spool files relative to their home directory.
MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP
number
Maximum members per group entry. When the maximum is reached, a new group entry (line) is started in /etc/group (with the same name, same password, and same GID).
The default value is 0, meaning that there are no limits in the number of members in a group.
This feature (split group) permits to limit the length of lines in the group file. This is useful to make sure that lines for NIS groups are not larger than 1024 characters.
If you need to enforce such limit, you can use 25.
Note: split groups may not be supported by all tools. You should not use this variable unless you really need it.
Files
usermod makes use of the following files:
/etc/group
Group account information.
/etc/gshadow
Secure group account information.
/etc/login.defs
Shadow password suite configuration.
/etc/passwd
User account information.
/etc/shadow
Secure user account information.
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usermod 例子
usermod -d /home/exampleusernew exampleuser
修改exampleuser帳戶的主目錄，將其更改為/ home / exampleusernew。
usermod -d /home/exampleusernew exampleuser
Modifies the home directory for the exampleuser account, changing it to /home/exampleusernew.
usermod (修改用戶帳戶)
在類似Unix的操作系統(tǒng)上，usermod命令修改用戶帳戶。
On Unix-like operating systems, the usermod command modifies a user account.
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1 usermod 運(yùn)行系統(tǒng)環(huán)境
2 usermod 描述
3 usermod 語(yǔ)法
4 usermod 例子
usermod 運(yùn)行系統(tǒng)環(huán)境
Unix&Linux
usermod 描述
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usermod 語(yǔ)法
選件
如果指定了-m選項(xiàng)，則當(dāng)前主目錄的內(nèi)容將移至新主目錄，如果該主目錄不存在，則會(huì)創(chuàng)建該新主目錄。
此選項(xiàng)需要一個(gè)/ etc / shadow文件。如果沒(méi)有，將創(chuàng)建一個(gè)/ etc / shadow條目。
值0將禁用該帳戶，而值-1將禁用該功能。
此選項(xiàng)需要一個(gè)/ etc / shadow文件。如果沒(méi)有，將創(chuàng)建一個(gè)/ etc / shadow條目。
用戶的上一個(gè)主組擁有的用戶主目錄中的任何文件都將歸此新組所有。
注意：如果要鎖定帳戶（不僅要使用密碼訪問(wèn)），還應(yīng)該使用-e將EXPIRE_DATE設(shè)置為1（請(qǐng)參見(jiàn)上文）。
該選項(xiàng)僅與-d（或--home）選項(xiàng)結(jié)合使用才有效。
usermod將嘗試調(diào)整文件的所有權(quán)并復(fù)制模式，ACL和擴(kuò)展屬性，但是此后可能需要手動(dòng)更改。
注意：不建議使用此選項(xiàng)，因?yàn)榱谐鲞M(jìn)程的用戶（例如，使用ps命令）將看到密碼（或加密密碼）。
密碼將寫在本地/ etc / passwd或/ etc / shadow文件中。這可能與您的PAM（可插入身份驗(yàn)證模塊）配置中配置的密碼數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)不同。
您應(yīng)該確保密碼遵守系統(tǒng)的密碼策略。
除非使用-o選項(xiàng)，否則該值必須唯一。該值必須為非負(fù)數(shù)。
用戶的郵箱以及用戶擁有的，位于用戶主目錄中的所有文件將自動(dòng)更改文件用戶ID。
用戶主目錄之外的文件的所有權(quán)必須手動(dòng)固定。
沒(méi)有支票將與關(guān)于執(zhí)行UID_MIN，UID_MAX，SYS_UID_MIN，或SYS_UID_MAX從值/etc/login.defs的。
注意：如果要解鎖帳戶（不僅要使用密碼訪問(wèn)），還應(yīng)該使用-e選項(xiàng)將EXPIRE_DATE設(shè)置為例如99999或/ etc / default / useradd中的EXPIRE值。以上）。
空白的SEUSER將刪除用戶LOGIN的SELinux用戶映射（如果有）。
筆記
如果更改了用戶的數(shù)字用戶ID，用戶名或用戶的主目錄，則必須確保在執(zhí)行此命令時(shí)，命名用戶沒(méi)有執(zhí)行任何進(jìn)程。usermod在Linux上進(jìn)行檢查，但僅檢查用戶是否根據(jù)其他系統(tǒng)上的utmp文件登錄。
您必須手動(dòng)更改任何crontab文件的所有者或作業(yè)。
您必須在NIS服務(wù)器上進(jìn)行涉及NIS（網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息服務(wù)）的任何更改。
組態(tài)
/etc/login.defs中的以下配置變量更改了此工具的行為：
默認(rèn)值為0，表示組中的成員數(shù)沒(méi)有限制。
此功能（拆分組）允許限制組文件中的行長(zhǎng)。確保NIS組的行不超過(guò)1024個(gè)字符非常有用。
如果需要強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行此限制，則可以使用25。
注意：并非所有工具都支持拆分組。除非確實(shí)需要，否則不應(yīng)使用此變量。
檔案
usermod使用以下文件：
Options
If the -m option is given, the contents of the current home directory will be moved to the new home directory, which is created if it does not already exist.
This option requires a /etc/shadow file. A /etc/shadow entry will be created if there were none.
A value of 0 disables the account as soon as the password has expired, and a value of -1 disables the feature.
This option requires a /etc/shadow file. A /etc/shadow entry will be created if there were none.
Any file from the user's home directory owned by the previous primary group of the user will be owned by this new group.
Note: if you want to lock the account (not only access with a password), you should also set the EXPIRE_DATE to 1 using -e (see above).
This option is only valid in combination with the -d (or --home) option.
usermod will try to adapt the ownership of the files and to copy the modes, ACL and extended attributes, but manual changes might be needed afterwards.
Note: This option is not recommended because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes (using the ps command, for instance).
The password will be written in the local /etc/passwd or /etc/shadow file. This might differ from the password database configured in your PAM (Pluggable Authentication Module) configuration.
You should make sure the password respects the system's password policy.
This value must be unique, unless the -o option is used. The value must be non-negative.
The user's mailbox, and any files which the user owns and that are located in the user's home directory will have the file user ID changed automatically.
The ownership of files outside of the user's home directory must be fixed manually.
No checks will be performed with regard to the UID_MIN, UID_MAX, SYS_UID_MIN, or SYS_UID_MAX values from /etc/login.defs.
Note: if you want to unlock the account (not only access with a password), you should also set the EXPIRE_DATE (for example to 99999, or to the EXPIRE value from /etc/default/useradd) using the -e option (see above).
A blank SEUSER will remove the SELinux user mapping for user LOGIN (if any).
Notes
You must make certain that the named user is not executing any processes when this command is being executed if the user's numerical user ID, the user's name, or the user's home directory is being changed. usermod checks this on Linux, but only checks if the user is logged in according to the utmp file on other systems.
You must change the owner of any crontab files or at jobs manually.
You must make any changes involving NIS (Network Information Service) on the NIS server.
Configuration
The following configuration variables in /etc/login.defs change the behavior of this tool:
The default value is 0, meaning that there are no limits in the number of members in a group.
This feature (split group) permits to limit the length of lines in the group file. This is useful to make sure that lines for NIS groups are not larger than 1024 characters.
If you need to enforce such limit, you can use 25.
Note: split groups may not be supported by all tools. You should not use this variable unless you really need it.
Files
usermod makes use of the following files:
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usermod 例子
修改exampleuser帳戶的主目錄，將其更改為/ home / exampleusernew。
Modifies the home directory for the exampleuser account, changing it to /home/exampleusernew.
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其他命令行
userdel | ul | umask | unalias | uname | uncompress | unhash | uniq | until | unlink | unpack | uptime | unzip | useradd |