edit (一個文本編輯器)

rose1 發表于 2020-09-04 09:06

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命令行 Unix&Linux命令 edit

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在類似Unix的操作系統上，edit命令是一個文本編輯器。

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1 edit 運行系統環境

2 edit 說明

3 edit 語法

4 edit 例子

edit 運行系統環境

Linux

edit 說明

edit是文本編輯器ex的變體。對于希望使用面向命令的編輯器的新用戶或臨時用戶，建議使用它。它具有ex的功能，并自動設置了以下選項：

novice 開
report 開
showmode 開
magic 關

以下簡要介紹應該可以幫助您開始使用edit。如果使用的是CRT 終端，則可能需要了解顯示編輯器vi。要編輯現有文件的內容，請從以下命令開始：

編輯文件名

edit將復制文件FILENAME，然后可以對其進行編輯。它首先告訴您文件中有多少行和字符。如果文件不存在，則edit會告訴您它是[新文件]。

該編輯命令提示符是一個冒號（：），你應該啟動編輯器后看到的。如果要編輯現有文件，則edit緩沖區中有幾行（其名稱表示您正在編輯的文件的副本）。當您開始編輯時，編輯會使文件的最后一行成為當前行。如果您不告訴他們要使用哪一行，則大多數要編輯的命令都會使用當前行。因此，如果您說出print（可以縮寫為p）并輸入回車符（在所有edit命令之后都應輸入），則當前行將被打印。如果刪除（d）當前行，請編輯打印新的當前行，通常是文件中的下一行。如果刪除最后一行，則新的最后一行將成為當前行。

如果您從一個空文件開始或希望添加一些新行，則可以使用append（a）命令。執行此命令（在append后面鍵入回車符）后，edit將從終端讀取行，直到鍵入僅由點（。）組成的行；它將這些行放置在當前行之后。您鍵入的最后一行將成為當前行。insert（i）命令類似于append，但是將您鍵入的行放在當前行之前而不是之后。

在edit工具號碼在緩沖器中的行，與具有數的第一行1。如果執行命令1，則edit鍵入緩沖區的第一行。如果然后執行命令d，則edit刪除第一行，第2行變為第1行，然后edit打印當前行（新行1），以便您看到自己所在的位置。通常，當前行始終是受命令影響的最后一行。

您可以使用replace（s）命令更改當前行中的某些文本：

s/old/new/

其中，老的是字符串要替換的字符和新是要替換的字符的字符串老帶。

filename（f）命令告訴您正在編輯的緩沖區中有多少行，如果您更改了緩沖區，則說[Modified]。修改文件后，您可以通過執行write（w）命令來保存文件的內容。您可以通過發出quit（q）命令離開編輯器。如果對文件運行edit但不進行更改，則無需（但不會造成損害）將文件寫回。如果你嘗試戒煙從編輯修改緩沖區但不寫出來后，您會收到消息“ 自去年變化沒有寫（：退出覆蓋！） ”，并編輯等待另一個命令。如果您不想寫出緩沖區，請發出quit命令，后跟一個感嘆號（q！）。然后，該緩沖區將被不可挽回地丟棄，然后您將返回到外殼。

通過使用d和命令并提供行號以查看文件中的行，可以進行所需的任何更改。但是，如果多次使用編輯，則應該至少學到一些東西。

change（c）命令將當前行更改為您提供的一系列行（如附錄中所示，將行鍵入直到僅包含點（。）的行。您可以通過以下命令告訴change更改多行：您要更改的行的行號，即3,5c，您也可以用這種方式打印行：1,23p打印文件的前23行。

undo（u）命令撤消您執行的最后一個更改緩沖區的命令的效果。因此，如果您執行的替代命令無法執行您想要的操作，請鍵入u并恢復該行的舊內容。您也可以撤消撤消命令。當命令影響緩沖區的多行時，edit給您一條警告消息。請注意，諸如寫和退出之類的命令無法撤消。

要查看緩沖區中的下一行，請輸入回車符。要查看多行，請鍵入^ D（按住Ctrl鍵的同時按d鍵），而不要輸入回車符。這顯示了CRT上的半行屏幕或硬拷貝終端上的12行。您可以通過執行z命令來查看附近的文本。當前行出現在顯示的文本的中間，最后顯示的行成為當前行；您可以通過輸入''返回執行z命令之前的行。 z命令還有其他選項：z-打印一個以您所在的位置結尾的文本屏幕（或24行）； z +打印下一屏。如果您希望少于一屏的行，請鍵入z.11以在當前行之前顯示五行，在當前行之后顯示五行。（鍵入zn時，當n為奇數時，將顯示總共以當前行為中心的n行；當n為偶數時，將顯示n-1行，因此顯示的行將以當前行為中心。）您可以在其他命令之后計數；例如，您可以使用命令d5刪除從當前行開始的5行。

要在文件中查找內容，如果碰巧知道行號，可以使用行號；否則，可以使用行號。由于插入和刪除行時行號會更改，因此這有些不可靠。您可以通過以下形式的命令在文件中向后或向前搜索字符串：/ text /，以向前搜索文本或？。文字？向后搜索文本。如果搜索到達文件末尾而沒有找到文本，它將環繞并繼續搜索回到您所在的行。此處的一個有用功能是搜索/ ^ text /形式，它在一行的開頭搜索文本。同樣/文本$ /在行尾搜索文本。您可以省略尾隨的/或？在這些命令中。

當前行的符號名稱為點（。）；這在。，$ p中的行范圍中最有用，它打印當前行以及文件中的其余行。要移至文件的最后一行，可以用其符號名$引用它。因此，無論當前行是什么，命令$ d都會刪除文件中的最后一行。也可以使用行引用進行算術運算：$ -5行是最后一行之前的第五行，。+ 20是當前行之后的20行。

您可以通過鍵入' 。= ' 找到當前行。如果要在文件內或文件之間移動或復制一段文本，這將很有用。找到您要復制或移動的第一行和最后一行。要在第10行到第20行之間移動，請鍵入10,20d a以從文件中刪除這些行，并將它們放置在名為a的緩沖區中。edit有26個這樣的緩沖區，稱為a到z。要將緩沖區a的內容放在當前行之后，請輸入put a。如果要將這些行移動或復制到另一個文件，請在復制這些行之后執行edit（e）命令；否則，請執行以下操作：跟隨e命令，并帶有要編輯的另一個文件的名稱，即edit Chapter2。要復制行而不刪除行，請使用yank（y）代替d。如果要移動或復制的文本都在一個文件中，則不必使用命名緩沖區。例如，要將第10行到20行移動到文件末尾，請鍵入10,20m $。

edit is a variant of the text editor ex. It's recommended for new or casual users who wish to use a command-oriented editor. It operates precisely as ex with the following options automatically set:

novice ON
report ON
showmode ON
magic OFF

The following brief introduction should help you get started with edit. If you are using a CRT terminal you might want to learn about the display editor vi. To edit the contents of an existing file you begin with the command:

edit FILENAME

edit makes a copy of the file FILENAME which you can then edit. It first tells you how many lines and characters are in the file. If the file does not exist, edit tells you it is a [New File].

The edit command prompt is a colon (:), which you should see after starting the editor. If you are editing an existing file, then you have some lines in edit's buffer (its name for the copy of the file you are editing). When you start editing, edit makes the last line of the file the current line. Most commands to edit use the current line if you do not tell them which line to use. Thus if you say print (which can be abbreviated p) and enter a carriage return (as you should after all edit commands), the current line is printed. If you delete (d) the current line, edit prints the new current line, which is usually the next line in the file. If you delete the last line, then the new last line becomes the current one.

If you start with an empty file or wish to add some new lines, then the append (a) command can be used. After you execute this command (typing a carriage return after the word append), edit reads lines from your terminal until you type a line consisting of just a dot (.); it places these lines after the current line. The last line you type then becomes the current line. The insert (i) command is like append, but places the lines you type before, rather than after, the current line.

The edit utility numbers the lines in the buffer, with the first line having number 1. If you execute the command 1, then edit types the first line of the buffer. If you then execute the command d, edit deletes the first line, line 2 becomes line 1, and edit prints the current line (the new line 1) so you can see where you are. In general, the current line is always the last line affected by a command.

You can make a change to some text within the current line by using the substitute (s) command:

s/old/new/

where old is the string of characters you want to replace and new is the string of characters you want to replace old with.

The filename (f) command tells you how many lines there are in the buffer you are editing and says [Modified] if you have changed the buffer. After modifying a file, you can save the contents of the file by executing a write (w) command. You can leave the editor by issuing a quit (q) command. If you run edit on a file, but do not change it, it is not necessary (but does no harm) to write the file back. If you try to quit from edit after modifying the buffer without writing it out, you receive the message "No write since last change (:quit! overrides)", and edit waits for another command. If you do not want to write the buffer out, issue the quit command followed by an exclamation point (q!). The buffer is then irretrievably discarded and you return to the shell.

By using the d and a commands and giving line numbers to see lines in the file, you can make any changes you want. You should learn at least a few more things, however, if you use edit more than a few times.

The change (c) command changes the current line to a sequence of lines you supply (as in append, you type lines up to a line consisting of only a dot (.). You can tell change to change more than one line by giving the line numbers of the lines you want to change, that is, 3,5c. You can print lines this way too: 1,23p prints the first 23 lines of the file.

The undo (u) command reverses the effect of the last command you executed that changed the buffer. So if you execute a substitute command that does not do what you want, type u and the old contents of the line are restored. You can also undo an undo command. edit gives you a warning message when a command affects more than one line of the buffer. Note that commands such as write and quit cannot be undone.

To look at the next line in the buffer, type a carriage return. To look at a number of lines, type ^D (while holding down the control key, press d) rather than carriage return. This shows you a half-screen of lines on a CRT or 12 lines on a hardcopy terminal. You can look at nearby text by executing the z command. The current line appears in the middle of the text displayed, and the last line displayed becomes the current line; you can get back to the line where you were before you executed the z command by typing ''. The z command has other options: z- prints a screen of text (or 24 lines) ending where you are; z+ prints the next screenful. If you want less than a screenful of lines, type z.11 to display five lines before and five lines after the current line. (Typing z.n, when n is an odd number, displays a total of n lines, centered about the current line; when n is an even number, it displays n-1 lines, so that the lines displayed are centered around the current line.) You can give counts after other commands; for example, you can delete 5 lines starting with the current line with the command d5.

To find things in the file, you can use line numbers if you happen to know them; since the line numbers change when you insert and delete lines this is somewhat unreliable. You can search backwards and forwards in the file for strings by giving commands of the form /text/ to search forward for text or ?text? to search backward for text. If a search reaches the end of the file without finding text, it wraps around and continues to search back to the line where you are. A useful feature here is a search of the form /^text/ which searches for text at the beginning of a line. Similarly /text$/ searches for text at the end of a line. You can leave off the trailing / or ? in these commands.

The current line has the symbolic name dot (.); this is most useful in a range of lines as in .,$p which prints the current line plus the rest of the lines in the file. To move to the last line in the file, you can refer to it by its symbolic name $. Thus the command $d deletes the last line in the file, no matter what the current line is. Arithmetic with line references is also possible: the line $-5 is the fifth before the last and .+20 is 20 lines after the current line.

You can find out the current line by typing '.='. This is useful if you want to move or copy a section of text within a file or between files. Find the first and last line numbers you want to copy or move. To move lines 10 through 20, type 10,20d a to delete these lines from the file and place them in a buffer named a. edit has 26 such buffers named a through z. To put the contents of buffer a after the current line, type put a. If you want to move or copy these lines to another file, execute an edit (e) command after copying the lines; following the e command with the name of the other file you want to edit, that is, edit chapter2. To copy lines without deleting them, use yank (y) in place of d. If the text you want to move or copy is all within one file, it is not necessary to use named buffers. For example, to move lines 10 through 20 to the end of the file, type 10,20m $.

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edit 語法

edit [ -| -s ] [ -l ] [ -L ] [ -R ] [ -r [ filename ] ] [ -t tag ] [ -v ] 
     [ -V ] [ -x ] [ -wn ] [ -C ] [+command | -c command ] filename

選件

-, -s	禁止所有交互式用戶反饋。在處理編輯器腳本時，這很有用。
-l	設置用于編輯LISP程序。
-L	列出由于編輯器或系統崩潰而保存的所有文件的名稱。
-R	只讀模式；設置了只讀標志，以防止意外覆蓋文件。
-r 文件名	在編輯器或系統崩潰后編輯文件名。（恢復發生崩潰時緩沖區中文件名的版本。）
-t 標簽	編輯包含標簽標簽的文件，并將編輯器置于其定義位置。
-v	使用vi在顯示編輯狀態下啟動。您可以通過鍵入vi命令本身來達到相同的效果。
-V	詳細模式。當通過標準輸入讀取ex命令時，輸入將回顯到標準錯誤。在shell腳本中處理ex命令時，這可能很有用。
-x	加密選項；使用時，edit模擬ex的X命令并提示用戶輸入密鑰。該密鑰用于使用crypt命令的算法對文本進行加密和解密。的X命令使一個受過教育的猜測，以確定文本是否在被加密或不讀出。臨時緩沖區文件也使用-x選項鍵入的鍵的轉換版本進行加密。
-wn	將默認窗口大小設置為n。在較慢的速度線上使用編輯器時，這很有用。
-C	加密選項；與-x選項相同，除了vi模擬ex的C命令。該?命令是像X的命令前，除了所有文字，被認為已經加密閱讀。
+ 命令，- 命令	通過執行指定的編輯器命令（通常是搜索或定位命令）來開始編輯。
文檔名稱	您要編輯的文件的名稱。

edit [ -| -s ] [ -l ] [ -L ] [ -R ] [ -r [ filename ] ] [ -t tag ] [ -v ] 
     [ -V ] [ -x ] [ -wn ] [ -C ] [+command | -c command ] filename

Options

-, -s	Suppress all interactive user feedback. This is useful when processing editor scripts.
-l	Set up for editing LISP programs.
-L	List the name of all files saved as the result of an editor or system crash.
-R	Read only mode; the read only flag is set, preventing accidental overwriting of the file.
-r filename	Edit filename after an editor or system crash. (Recovers the version of filename that was in the buffer when the crash occurred.)
-t tag	Edit the file containing the tag tag and position the editor at its definition.
-v	Start up in display editing state using vi. You can achieve the same effect by typing the vi command itself.
-V	Verbose mode. When ex commands are read by means of standard input, the input will be echoed to standard error. This may be useful when processing ex commands within shell scripts.
-x	Encryption option; when used, edit simulates the X command of ex and prompts the user for a key. This key is used to encrypt and decrypt text using the algorithm of the crypt command. The X command makes an educated guess to determine whether text read in is encrypted or not. The temporary buffer file is encrypted also, using a transformed version of the key typed in for the -x option.
-wn	Set the default window size to n. This is useful when using the editor over a slow speed line.
-C	Encryption option; same as the -x option, except that vi simulates the C command of ex. The C command is like the X command of ex, except that all text read in is assumed to have been encrypted.
+command, -command	Begin editing by executing the specified editor command (usually a search or positioning command).
filename	The name of the file that you want to edit.

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edit 例子

edit myfile.txt

加載myfile.txt以進行編輯，然后將用戶置于編輯命令提示符處。

edit myfile.txt

Loads myfile.txt for editing, and places the user at the editing command prompt.

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其他命令行

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