pstree (以樹狀圖格式顯示進程)

瑞茲發(fā)表于 2020-11-16 09:06

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命令行 Unix&Linux命令 pstree

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在類似Unix的操作系統(tǒng)上，pstree命令以樹格式顯示進程。

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1 pstree 運行系統(tǒng)環(huán)境

2 pstree 描述

3 pstree 語法

4 pstree 例子

pstree 運行系統(tǒng)環(huán)境

Linux

pstree 描述

如果指定了用戶名，則會顯示所有以該用戶擁有的進程為根的進程樹。

通過將相同的分支放在方括號中并在其前面加上重復(fù)計數(shù)來合并它們，例如：

init-+-getty
     |-getty
     |-getty
     `-getty

變成

init---4*[getty]

進程的子線程位于父進程下，并以大括號顯示該進程的名稱，例如，

icecast2---13*[{icecast2}]

如果將pstree稱為pstree.x11，它將提示用戶在行尾按回車鍵，直到發(fā)生這種情況才返回。當pstree在xterminal中運行時，執(zhí)行此命令很有用。

某些內(nèi)核或安裝參數(shù)（例如procfs的hidepid選項）將隱藏某些進程的信息。在這些情況下，pstree將嘗試在沒有此信息的情況下構(gòu)建樹，將進程名稱顯示為問號。

The pstree command shows running processes as a tree. The tree is rooted at either pid or init if pid is omitted. If a username is specified, all process trees rooted at processes owned by that user are shown.

Identical branches are merged by putting them in square brackets and prefixing them with the repetition count, for example:

init-+-getty
     |-getty
     |-getty
     `-getty

becomes

init---4*[getty]

Child threads of a process are found under the parent process and are shown with the process name in curly braces, e.g.,

icecast2---13*[{icecast2}]

If pstree is called as pstree.x11 then it will prompt the user at the end of the line to press return and will not return until that has happened. Doing this command is useful for when pstree is run in an xterminal.

Certain kernel or mount parameters, such as the hidepid option for procfs, will hide information for some processes. In these situations pstree will attempt to build the tree without this information, showing process names as question marks.

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pstree 語法

pstree [-a, --arguments] [-c, --compact] 
       [-h, --highlight-all, -Hpid, --highlight-pid pid] [-g] --show-pgids] 
       [-l, --long] [-n, --numeric-sort] [-p, --show-pids] [-s, --show-parents] 
       [-u, --uid-changes] [-Z, --security-context] 
       [-A, --ascii, -G, --vt100, -U, --unicode] [pid, user]

pstree -V, --version

選件

-a	顯示命令行參數(shù)。如果將某個進程的命令行換出，該進程將顯示在括號中。-a隱式禁用進程壓縮，但不禁用線程。
-A	使用ASCII 字符繪制樹。
-c	禁用相同子樹的壓縮。默認情況下，子樹會盡可能壓縮。
-G	使用VT100線條圖字符。
-h	突出顯示當前的過程及其祖先。如果終端不支持突出顯示，或者當前進程或其任何祖先都不在顯示的子樹中，則此開關(guān)為無操作。
-H	與-h類似，但突出顯示指定的進程。不像-H，pstree使用時出現(xiàn)故障-H如果高亮不可用。
-g	顯示PGID。進程組ID在每個進程名稱后的括號中顯示為十進制數(shù)字。-p隱式禁用壓縮。如果同時顯示PID和PGID，則首先顯示PID。
-l	顯示長行。默認情況下，如果輸出發(fā)送到非tty或顯示寬度未知，則將行截斷為顯示寬度或132 。
-n	使用PID而不是名稱對具有相同祖先的進程進行排序。（數(shù)字排序。）
-p	顯示PID。PID在每個過程名稱后的括號中顯示為十進制數(shù)字。-p隱式禁用壓縮。
-s	顯示指定進程的父進程。
-u	顯示uid轉(zhuǎn)換。每當進程的uid與它的父進程的uid不同時，新uid就會在進程名稱后的括號中顯示。
-U	使用UTF-8（Unicode）線描字符。在Linux 1.1-54及更高版本中，在控制臺上以echo -e'33 ％8'進入UTF-8模式，并以echo -e'33 ％@'離開
-V	顯示版本信息。
-Z	（SELinux）顯示每個進程的安全上下文。僅當pstree與SELinux支持兼容時，此標志才有效。

pstree [-a, --arguments] [-c, --compact] 
       [-h, --highlight-all, -Hpid, --highlight-pid pid] [-g] --show-pgids] 
       [-l, --long] [-n, --numeric-sort] [-p, --show-pids] [-s, --show-parents] 
       [-u, --uid-changes] [-Z, --security-context] 
       [-A, --ascii, -G, --vt100, -U, --unicode] [pid, user]

pstree -V, --version

Options

-a	Show command line arguments. If the command line of a process is swapped out, that process is shown in parentheses. -a implicitly disables compaction for processes but not threads.
-A	Use ASCII characters to draw the tree.
-c	Disable compaction of identical subtrees. By default, subtrees are compacted whenever possible.
-G	Use VT100 line drawing characters.
-h	Highlight the current process and its ancestors. This switch is a no-op if the terminal doesn't support highlighting or if neither the current process nor any of its ancestors are in the subtree being shown.
-H	Like -h, but highlight the specified process instead. Unlike with -h, pstree fails when using -H if highlighting is not available.
-g	Show PGIDs. Process Group IDs are shown as decimal numbers in parentheses after each process name. -p implicitly disables compaction. If both PIDs and PGIDs are displayed then PIDs are shown first.
-l	Display long lines. By default, lines are truncated to the display width or 132 if output is sent to a non-tty or if the display width is unknown.
-n	Sort processes with the same ancestor by PID instead of by name. (Numeric sort.)
-p	Show PIDs. PIDs are shown as decimal numbers in parentheses after each process name. -p implicitly disables compaction.
-s	Show parent processes of the specified process.
-u	Show uid transitions. Whenever the uid of a process differs from the uid of its parent, the new uid is shown in parentheses after the process name.
-U	Use UTF-8 (Unicode) line drawing characters. Under Linux 1.1-54 and above, UTF-8 mode is entered on the console with echo -e ' 33%8' and left with echo -e ' 33%@'
-V	Display version information.
-Z	(SELinux) Show security context for each process. This flag will only work if pstree is compilied with SELinux support.

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pstree 例子

pstree -h

將所有流程顯示為樹，突出顯示當前流程及其祖先。輸出將類似于以下內(nèi)容：

init─┬─NetworkManager─┬─dhclient
     │                ├─dnsmasq
     │                └─3*[{NetworkManager}]
     ├─accounts-daemon───2*[{accounts-daemon}]
     ├─atd
     ├─avahi-daemon───avahi-daemon
     ├─bluetoothd
     ├─console-kit-dae───63*[{console-kit-dae}]
     ├─cron
     ├─cupsd
     ├─dbus-daemon
     ├─dd
     ├─6*[getty]
     ├─klogd
     ├─lightdm─┬─Xorg
     │         ├─lightdm─┬─init─┬─apache2───2*[apache2───26*[{apache2}]]
     │         │         │      ├─at-spi-bus-laun─┬─dbus-daemon
     │         │         │      │                 └─3*[{at-spi-bus-laun}]
     │         │         │      ├─at-spi2-registr───{at-spi2-registr}
     │         │         │      ├─dbus-daemon
     │         │         │      ├─dropbox───29*[{dropbox}]
     │         │         │      ├─gconfd-2
     │         │         │      ├─gimp─┬─script-fu
     │         │         │      │      └─2*[{gimp}]
     │         │         │      ├─gnome-terminal─┬─2*[bash───vim]
     │         │         │      │                ├─bash───pstree
     │         │         │      │                ├─gnome-pty-helpe
     │         │         │      │                └─3*[{gnome-terminal}]
     │         │         │      ├─gvfs-afc-volume───2*[{gvfs-afc-volume}]
     │         │         │      ├─gvfs-gphoto2-vo───{gvfs-gphoto2-vo}
     │         │         │      ├─gvfs-mtp-volume───{gvfs-mtp-volume}
     │         │         │      ├─gvfs-udisks2-vo───2*[{gvfs-udisks2-vo}]
     │         │         │      ├─gvfsd───{gvfsd}
     │         │         │      ├─gvfsd-fuse───4*[{gvfsd-fuse}]
     │         │         │      ├─gvfsd-metadata───{gvfsd-metadata}
     │         │         │      ├─indicator-appli───{indicator-appli}
     │         │         │      ├─lxsession─┬─lxpanel───2*[{lxpanel}]
     │         │         │      │           ├─nm-applet───2*[{nm-applet}]
     │         │         │      │           ├─openbox───{openbox}
     │         │         │      │           ├─pcmanfm───2*[{pcmanfm}]
     │         │         │      │           └─2*[{lxsession}]
     │         │         │      ├─menu-cached───2*[{menu-cached}]
     │         │         │      ├─ssh-agent
     │         │         │      ├─2*[upstart-dbus-br]
     │         │         │      ├─upstart-event-b
     │         │         │      ├─upstart-file-br
     │         │         │      ├─xclip
     │         │         │      ├─xfce4-notifyd
     │         │         │      └─xfconfd
     │         │         └─{lightdm}
     │         └─2*[{lightdm}]
     ├─modem-manager
     ├─mysqld───16*[{mysqld}]
     ├─ntpd
     ├─packagekitd───2*[{packagekitd}]
     ├─polkitd───2*[{polkitd}]
     ├─sshd
     ├─syslogd
     ├─systemd-logind
     ├─systemd-udevd
     ├─udisksd───4*[{udisksd}]
     ├─upstart-file-br
     ├─upstart-socket-
     └─upstart-udev-br

pstree -h

Display all processes as a tree, with the current process and its ancestors highlighted. Output will resemble the following:

init─┬─NetworkManager─┬─dhclient
     │                ├─dnsmasq
     │                └─3*[{NetworkManager}]
     ├─accounts-daemon───2*[{accounts-daemon}]
     ├─atd
     ├─avahi-daemon───avahi-daemon
     ├─bluetoothd
     ├─console-kit-dae───63*[{console-kit-dae}]
     ├─cron
     ├─cupsd
     ├─dbus-daemon
     ├─dd
     ├─6*[getty]
     ├─klogd
     ├─lightdm─┬─Xorg
     │         ├─lightdm─┬─init─┬─apache2───2*[apache2───26*[{apache2}]]
     │         │         │      ├─at-spi-bus-laun─┬─dbus-daemon
     │         │         │      │                 └─3*[{at-spi-bus-laun}]
     │         │         │      ├─at-spi2-registr───{at-spi2-registr}
     │         │         │      ├─dbus-daemon
     │         │         │      ├─dropbox───29*[{dropbox}]
     │         │         │      ├─gconfd-2
     │         │         │      ├─gimp─┬─script-fu
     │         │         │      │      └─2*[{gimp}]
     │         │         │      ├─gnome-terminal─┬─2*[bash───vim]
     │         │         │      │                ├─bash───pstree
     │         │         │      │                ├─gnome-pty-helpe
     │         │         │      │                └─3*[{gnome-terminal}]
     │         │         │      ├─gvfs-afc-volume───2*[{gvfs-afc-volume}]
     │         │         │      ├─gvfs-gphoto2-vo───{gvfs-gphoto2-vo}
     │         │         │      ├─gvfs-mtp-volume───{gvfs-mtp-volume}
     │         │         │      ├─gvfs-udisks2-vo───2*[{gvfs-udisks2-vo}]
     │         │         │      ├─gvfsd───{gvfsd}
     │         │         │      ├─gvfsd-fuse───4*[{gvfsd-fuse}]
     │         │         │      ├─gvfsd-metadata───{gvfsd-metadata}
     │         │         │      ├─indicator-appli───{indicator-appli}
     │         │         │      ├─lxsession─┬─lxpanel───2*[{lxpanel}]
     │         │         │      │           ├─nm-applet───2*[{nm-applet}]
     │         │         │      │           ├─openbox───{openbox}
     │         │         │      │           ├─pcmanfm───2*[{pcmanfm}]
     │         │         │      │           └─2*[{lxsession}]
     │         │         │      ├─menu-cached───2*[{menu-cached}]
     │         │         │      ├─ssh-agent
     │         │         │      ├─2*[upstart-dbus-br]
     │         │         │      ├─upstart-event-b
     │         │         │      ├─upstart-file-br
     │         │         │      ├─xclip
     │         │         │      ├─xfce4-notifyd
     │         │         │      └─xfconfd
     │         │         └─{lightdm}
     │         └─2*[{lightdm}]
     ├─modem-manager
     ├─mysqld───16*[{mysqld}]
     ├─ntpd
     ├─packagekitd───2*[{packagekitd}]
     ├─polkitd───2*[{polkitd}]
     ├─sshd
     ├─syslogd
     ├─systemd-logind
     ├─systemd-udevd
     ├─udisksd───4*[{udisksd}]
     ├─upstart-file-br
     ├─upstart-socket-
     └─upstart-udev-br

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