On Unix-like operating systems, the adduser command creates a new user, and the addgroup command creates a new group.
The adduser command can also be used to add an existing user to an existing group.
adduser?and?addgroup?add users and groups to the system according to?command line?options and?configuration?information in?/etc/adduser.conf. They are friendlier front ends to the low-level tools like?useradd,?groupadd?and?usermod?programs, by choosing policy-conformant?UID?and GID values, creating a?home directory?with skeletal configuration, running a custom?script, and other features.
There are five major ways to use?adduser?and?addgroup?can be run in one of five modes:
Add a normal user
If called with one non-option?argument?and without the?--system?or?--group?options,?adduser?will add a normal user.
adduser?will choose the first available UID from the range specified for normal users in the configuration file. The UID can b overridden with the?--uid?option.
The range specified in the configuration file may be overridden with the?--firstuid?and?--lastuid?options.
By default, each user in a GNU/Linux system is given a corresponding group with the same name. User groups allow group writable directories to be easily maintained by placing the appropriate users in the new group, setting the set-group-ID bit in the?directory, and ensuring that all users use a?umask?of?002. If this option is turned off by setting USERGROUPS to?no, all users' GIDs are set to USERS_GID. Users' primary groups can also be overridden from the command line with the?--gid?or?--ingroup?options to set the group by id or name, respectively. Also, users can be added to one or more groups defined in?adduser.conf?either by setting ADD_EXTRA_GROUPS to?1?in?adduser.conf, or by passing?--add_extra_groups?on the command line.
adduser?will create a home directory subject to DHOME, GROUPHOMES, and LETTERHOMES. The home directory can be overridden from the command line with the?--home?option, and the?shell?with the?--shell?option. The home directory's set-group-ID?bit?is set if USERGROUPS is?yes?so that any files created in the user's home directory will have the correct group.
adduser?will copy files from SKEL into the home directory and prompt for?finger?(gecos) information and a?password. The gecos may also be set with the?--gecos?option. With the?--disabled-login?option, the account will be created but will be disabled until a password is set. The?--disabled-password?option will not set a password, but?login?is still possible (for example with?SSH?RSA?keys). To set up an?encrypted?home directory for the new user, add the?--encrypt-home?option.
If the file?/usr/local/sbin/adduser.local?exists, it will be?executedafter the user account has been set up to do any local setup. The arguments passed to?adduser.local?are: "username uid gid home-directory".
The environment variable VERBOSE is set according to the following rules:
if?--quiet?is specified
if neither?--quiet?nor?--debug?is specified
if?--debug?is specified
(The same applies to the variable?DEBUG, but?DEBUG?is deprecated and will be removed in a later version of?adduser).
Add a system user
If called with one non-option argument and the?--system?option,?adduser?will add a system user. If a user with the same name already exists in the system uid range (or, if the uid is specified, if a user with that uid already exists),?adduser?will exit with a warning. This warning can be suppressed by adding "--quiet".
adduser?will choose the first available UID from the range specified for system users in the configuration file (FIRST_SYSTEM_UID?and?LAST_SYSTEM_UID). If you want to have a specific UID, you can specify it using the?--uid?option.
By default, system users are placed in the "nogroup" group. To place the new system user in an already existing group, use the?--gid?or?--ingroup?options. To place the new system user in a new group with the same ID, use the?--group?option.
A home directory is created by the same rules as for normal users. The new system user will have the shell?/bin/false?(unless overridden with the?--shell?option), and have logins disabled. Skeletal configuration files are not copied.
Add a user group
If?adduser?is called with the?--group?option and without the?--system?option, or?addgroup?is called, a user group will be added.
A GID will be chosen from the range specified for system GIDS in the configuration file (FIRST_GID,?LAST_GID). To override that mechanism you can give the GID using the?--gid?option.
The group is created with no users.
Add a system group
If?addgroup?is called with the?--system?option, a system group will be added.
A GID will be chosen from the range specified for system GIDS in the configuration file (FIRST_SYSTEM_GID,?LAST_SYSTEM_GID). To override that mechanism you can give the GID using the?--gid?option.
The group is created with no users.
Add an existing user to an existing group
If you run?adduser?with two non-option arguments, it will add existing user?user?to group?group, if it exists.
Do not run?passwd?to set the password. The user won't be able to use her account until the password is set.
--disabled-password
Like?--disabled-login, but logins are still possible (for example using SSH RSA keys), but not using password authentication.
--force-badname
By default, user and group names are checked against the configurable?regular expression?NAME_REGEX?(or?NAME_REGEX_SYSTEM?if?--system?is specified) specified in the configuration file. This option forces?adduser?and?addgroup?to apply only a weak check for validity of the name.
--gecos?GECOS
Set the gecos field for the new entry generated.?adduser?will not ask for finger information if this option is given.
--gid?ID
When creating a group, this option forces the new groupid to be the given number. When creating a user, this option will put the user in that group.
--group
When combined with?--system, a group with the same name and ID as the system user is created. If not combined with?--system, a group with the given name is created. This is the default action if the program is invoked as?addgroup.
--help
Display a help message, and exit.
--home?DIR
Use?DIR?as the user's home directory, rather than the default specified by the configuration file. If the directory does not exist, it is created and skeleton files are copied.
--shell?SHELL
Use?SHELL?as the user's login shell, rather than the default specified by the configuration file.
--ingroup?GROUP
Add the new user to?GROUP?instead of a user group or the default group defined by?USERS_GID?in the configuration file. This affects the users primary group. To add additional groups, see the add_extra_groups option.
--no-create-home
Do not create the home directory, even if it doesn't exist.
--quiet
Suppress informational messages, only show warnings and errors.
--debug
Be?verbose, which is most useful if you want to nail down a problem with?adduser.
--system
Create a system user or group.
--uid?ID
Force the new userid to be the given number.?adduser?will fail if the userid is already taken.
--firstuid?ID
Override the first uid in the range that the uid is chosen from (overrides FIRST_UID specified in the configuration file).
--lastuid?ID
Override the last uid in the range that the uid is chosen from ( LAST_UID ).
--add_extra_groups
Add new user to extra groups defined in the configuration file.
--version
Display version and Copyright information.
Configuration
The file?/etc/adduser.conf?contains defaults for the programs?adduser,?addgroup,?deluser?and?delgroup. Each line holds a single value pair in the form "option?=?value". Double or single quotes are allowed around the value, as is whitespace around the equals sign. Comment lines must have a hash sign ("#") in the first column.
The valid configuration options are:
DSHELL
The login shell to be used for all new users. Defaults to?/bin/bash.
DHOME
The directory in which new home directories should be created. Defaults to?/home.
GROUPHOMES
If this is set to?yes, the home directories will be created as "/home/[groupname]/user". Defaults to?no.
LETTERHOMES
If this is set to?yes, then the home directories created will have an extra directory inserted that is the first letter of the loginname. For example:?/home/u/user. Defaults to?no.
SKEL
The directory from which skeletal user configuration files should be copied. Defaults to?/etc/skel.
FIRST_SYSTEM_UID,?LAST_SYSTEM_UID
specify an inclusive range of UIDs from which system UIDs can be dynamically allocated. Default to?100?-?999. Please note that system software, such as the users allocated by the base-passwd package, may assume that UIDs less than 100 are unallocated.
FIRST_UID,?LAST_UID
specify an inclusive range of UIDs from which normal user's UIDs can be dynamically allocated. Default to?1000?-?29999.
FIRST_SYSTEM_GID,?LAST_SYSTEM_GID
specify an inclusive range of GIDs from which system GIDs can be dynamically allocated. Default to?100?-?999.
FIRST_GID,?LAST_GID
specify an inclusive range of GIDs from which normal group's GIDs can be dynamically allocated. Default to?1000?-?29999.
USERGROUPS
If this is set to?yes, then each created user will be given their own group to use. If this is?no, then each created user will be placed in the group whose GID is USERS_GID (see below). The default is?yes.
USERS_GID
If?USERGROUPS?is?no, then?USERS_GID?is the GID given to all newly-created users. The default value is?100.
DIR_MODE
If set to a valid value (e.g.,?0755?or?755), directories created will have the specified permissions as umask. Otherwise,?0755?is used as default.
SETGID_HOME
If this is set to?yes, then home directories for users with their own group (?USERGROUPS=yes?) will have the setgid bit set. This was the default setting for?adduser?versions previous to 3.13. Unfortunately, it has some bad side effects, so we no longer do this per default. If you want it nevertheless you can still activate it here.
QUOTAUSER
If set to a nonempty value, new users will have quotas copied from that user. The default is empty.
NAME_REGEX
User and group names are checked against this regular expression. If the name doesn't match this regexp, user and group creation in adduser is refused unless?--force-badname?is set. With?--force-badname?set, only weak checks are performed. The default is the most conservative?^[a-z][-a-z0-9]*$. When?--system?is specified, NAME_REGEX_SYSTEM is used instead.
NAME_REGEX_SYSTEM
Names of system users are checked against this regular expression. If?--system?is supplied and the name doesn't match this regexp, user creation in adduser is refused unless?--force-badname?is set. With?--force-badname?set, only weak checks are performed. The default is as for the default?NAME_REGEX?but also allowing uppercase letters.
SKEL_IGNORE_REGEX
Files in?/etc/skel/?are checked against this regex, and not copied to the newly created home directory if they match. This is by default set to the regular expression matching files left over from unmerged config files (dpkg-(old|new|dist)).
ADD_EXTRA_GROUPS
Setting this to something other than?0?(the default) will cause adduser to add newly created non-system users to the list of groups defined by?EXTRA_GROUPS?(below).
EXTRA_GROUPS
This is the list of groups that new non-system users will be added to. By default, this list is 'dialout cdrom floppy audio video plugdev users games'.
Exit values
0
The user exists as specified. This can have 2 causes: The user was created by?adduser?or the user was already present on the system before?adduser?was invoked. If?adduser?was returning 0, invoking?adduser?a second time with the same parameters as before also returns?0.
1
Creating the user or group failed because it was already present with other UID/GID than specified. The username or groupname was rejected because of a mismatch with the configured regular expressions.?adduser?has been aborted by a signal.
Or this code may be returned for other undocumented reasons, which in that case are printed to console. You may then consider to remove?--quiet?to make?adduser?more verbose.
adduser?will prompt you to assign a password for the user, and ask you for optional identifying information such as?Full Name?and?Phone Number.
A home directory (by default,?/home/mynewuser) will be created for the new user, and a user-specific group,?mynewuser, will be created. The contents of the skeleton home directory, which by default is located at?/etc/skel, will be copied into the new home directory.
If the script?/usr/local/sbin/adduser.local?exists, it will be executed with the arguments?username uid gid home-directory, where?username?is?mynewuser,?uid?is?mynewuser's?user id,?gid?is?mynewuser's group id, and?home-directory?is?mynewuser's home directory.
adduser --home /home/mynewuserhome mynewuser
Creates the user account?mynewuser, and creates their home directory at the location?/home/mynewuserhome.
addgroup (創建一個新組)
在類似Unix的操作系統上，adduser命令創建一個新用戶，而addgroup命令創建一個新組。 adduser命令還可以用于將現有用戶添加到現有組。
On Unix-like operating systems, the adduser command creates a new user, and the addgroup command creates a new group. The adduser command can also be used to add an existing user to an existing group.
查看英文版
查看中文版
1 addgroup 運行系統環境
2 31/5000 如何使用adduser和addgroup
3 addgroup 語法
4 addgroup 例子
addgroup 運行系統環境
Linux
31/5000 如何使用adduser和addgroup
adduser和addgroup根據/etc/adduser.conf中的命令行選項和配置信息，將用戶和組添加到系統。通過選擇符合策略的UID和GID值，創建具有骨架配置的主目錄，運行自定義腳本以及其他功能，它們是諸如useradd，groupadd和usermod程序等低級工具的更友好的前端。
使用adduser的主要方法有五種，并且addgroup可以在以下五種模式之一中運行：
添加普通用戶
如果使用一個非選項參數且沒有--system或--group選項調用，則adduser將添加一個普通用戶。
adduser將從配置文件中為普通用戶指定的范圍中選擇第一個可用的UID。UID可以用--uid選項覆蓋。
配置文件中指定的范圍可以用--firstuid和--lastuid選項覆蓋。
默認情況下，為GNU / Linux系統中的每個用戶分配一個具有相同名稱的對應組。用戶組允許組可寫的目錄，以通過將適當的用戶在新的組，設置在所述一組基團的ID位可以容易地維持目錄，并確保所有用戶使用的umask的002。如果通過將USERGROUPS設置為no來關閉此選項，則所有用戶的GID都將設置為USERS_GID。也可以使用--gid或--ingroup選項從命令行覆蓋用戶的主要組，以分別通過id或name設置組。此外，可以通過將ADD_EXTRA_GROUPS設置為將用戶添加到adduser.conf中定義的一個或多個組中。1在adduser.conf中，或在命令行中傳遞--add_extra_groups。
adduser將創建一個受DHOME，GROUPHOMES和LETTERHOMES約束的主目錄。主目錄可以從與命令行覆蓋--home選項，并且外殼與--shell選項。如果USERGROUPS為yes，則設置主目錄的set-group-ID 位，以便在用戶的主目錄中創建的任何文件都具有正確的組。
adduser會將文件從SKEL復制到主目錄，并提示您輸入手指（gecos）信息和密碼。gecos也可以使用--gecos選項設置。使用--disabled-login選項，將創建該帳戶，但是將禁用該帳戶，直到設置密碼為止。該--disabled密碼選項將不設置密碼，但登錄仍然是可能的（例如使用SSH RSA密鑰）。要為新用戶設置加密的主目錄，請添加--encrypt-home選項。
如果文件/usr/local/sbin/adduser.local存在，則將在設置用戶帳戶以執行任何本地設置后執行該文件。傳遞給adduser.local的參數是：“ username uid gid home-directory”。
根據以下規則設置環境變量VERBOSE：
（這同樣適用于可變DEBUG，但DEBUG被棄用，將在以后的版本中刪除的adduser）。
添加系統用戶
如果一個非選項參數和被叫--system選項，adduser的將添加一個系統用戶。如果在系統uid范圍內已經存在具有相同名稱的用戶（或者，如果指定了uid，則如果已經存在具有該uid的用戶），則adduser將退出并顯示警告。可以通過添加“ --quiet ” 來抑制此警告。
adduser將從配置文件中為系統用戶指定的范圍中選擇第一個可用的UID（FIRST_SYSTEM_UID和LAST_SYSTEM_UID）。如果要使用特定的UID，則可以使用--uid選項進行指定。
默認情況下，系統用戶位于“ nogroup ”組中。要將新系統用戶放置在現有組中，請使用--gid或--ingroup選項。要將新系統用戶放置在具有相同ID的新組中，請使用--group選項。
主目錄是根據與普通用戶相同的規則創建的。新的系統用戶將具有shell / bin / false（除非用--shell選項覆蓋），并且禁用了登錄名。不會復制骨骼配置文件。
添加用戶組
如果使用--group選項而不使用--system選項調用adduser，或者調用了addgroup，則會添加一個用戶組。
將從配置文件中為系統GIDS指定的范圍中選擇一個GID（FIRST_GID，LAST_GID）。要覆蓋該機制，可以使用--gid選項提供GID 。
該組沒有用戶創建。
添加系統組
如果使用--system選項調用addgroup，將添加一個系統組。
將從配置文件中為系統GIDS指定的范圍中選擇一個GID（FIRST_SYSTEM_GID，LAST_SYSTEM_GID）。要覆蓋該機制，可以使用--gid選項提供GID 。
該組沒有用戶創建。
將現有用戶添加到現有組
如果使用兩個非選項參數運行adduser，則會將現有用戶user添加到group group中（如果存在）。
adduser?and?addgroup?add users and groups to the system according to?command line?options and?configuration?information in?/etc/adduser.conf. They are friendlier front ends to the low-level tools like?useradd,?groupadd?and?usermod?programs, by choosing policy-conformant?UID?and GID values, creating a?home directory?with skeletal configuration, running a custom?script, and other features.
There are five major ways to use?adduser?and?addgroup?can be run in one of five modes:
Add a normal user
If called with one non-option?argument?and without the?--system?or?--group?options,?adduser?will add a normal user.
adduser?will choose the first available UID from the range specified for normal users in the configuration file. The UID can b overridden with the?--uid?option.
The range specified in the configuration file may be overridden with the?--firstuid?and?--lastuid?options.
By default, each user in a GNU/Linux system is given a corresponding group with the same name. User groups allow group writable directories to be easily maintained by placing the appropriate users in the new group, setting the set-group-ID bit in the?directory, and ensuring that all users use a?umask?of?002. If this option is turned off by setting USERGROUPS to?no, all users' GIDs are set to USERS_GID. Users' primary groups can also be overridden from the command line with the?--gid?or?--ingroup?options to set the group by id or name, respectively. Also, users can be added to one or more groups defined in?adduser.conf?either by setting ADD_EXTRA_GROUPS to?1?in?adduser.conf, or by passing?--add_extra_groups?on the command line.
adduser?will create a home directory subject to DHOME, GROUPHOMES, and LETTERHOMES. The home directory can be overridden from the command line with the?--home?option, and the?shell?with the?--shell?option. The home directory's set-group-ID?bit?is set if USERGROUPS is?yes?so that any files created in the user's home directory will have the correct group.
adduser?will copy files from SKEL into the home directory and prompt for?finger?(gecos) information and a?password. The gecos may also be set with the?--gecos?option. With the?--disabled-login?option, the account will be created but will be disabled until a password is set. The?--disabled-password?option will not set a password, but?login?is still possible (for example with?SSH?RSA?keys). To set up an?encrypted?home directory for the new user, add the?--encrypt-home?option.
If the file?/usr/local/sbin/adduser.local?exists, it will be?executedafter the user account has been set up to do any local setup. The arguments passed to?adduser.local?are: "username uid gid home-directory".
The environment variable VERBOSE is set according to the following rules:
(The same applies to the variable?DEBUG, but?DEBUG?is deprecated and will be removed in a later version of?adduser).
Add a system user
If called with one non-option argument and the?--system?option,?adduser?will add a system user. If a user with the same name already exists in the system uid range (or, if the uid is specified, if a user with that uid already exists),?adduser?will exit with a warning. This warning can be suppressed by adding "--quiet".
adduser?will choose the first available UID from the range specified for system users in the configuration file (FIRST_SYSTEM_UID?and?LAST_SYSTEM_UID). If you want to have a specific UID, you can specify it using the?--uid?option.
By default, system users are placed in the "nogroup" group. To place the new system user in an already existing group, use the?--gid?or?--ingroup?options. To place the new system user in a new group with the same ID, use the?--group?option.
A home directory is created by the same rules as for normal users. The new system user will have the shell?/bin/false?(unless overridden with the?--shell?option), and have logins disabled. Skeletal configuration files are not copied.
Add a user group
If?adduser?is called with the?--group?option and without the?--system?option, or?addgroup?is called, a user group will be added.
A GID will be chosen from the range specified for system GIDS in the configuration file (FIRST_GID,?LAST_GID). To override that mechanism you can give the GID using the?--gid?option.
The group is created with no users.
Add a system group
If?addgroup?is called with the?--system?option, a system group will be added.
A GID will be chosen from the range specified for system GIDS in the configuration file (FIRST_SYSTEM_GID,?LAST_SYSTEM_GID). To override that mechanism you can give the GID using the?--gid?option.
The group is created with no users.
Add an existing user to an existing group
If you run?adduser?with two non-option arguments, it will add existing user?user?to group?group, if it exists.
查看英文版
查看中文版
addgroup 語法
adduser [--system] [--home DIR] [--shell SHELL] [--no-create-home] [--uid ID] [--firstuid ID] [--lastuid ID] [--ingroup GROUP | --gid ID] [--disabled-password] [--disabled-login] [--gecos GECOS] [--add_extra_groups] [--encrypt-home] [--quiet] [--debug] [--force-badname] [--help|-h] [--version] [--conf FILE] useraddgroup [--system] [--quiet] [--debug] [--force-badname] [--help|-h] [--version] [--conf FILE] [--gid ID] group選件
--conf 文件
使用FILE代替/etc/adduser.conf。
-禁用登錄
不要運行passwd來設置密碼。在設置密碼之前，用戶將無法使用她的帳戶。
-禁用密碼
像--disabled-login一樣，但是仍然可以登錄（例如，使用SSH RSA密鑰），但不能使用密碼驗證。
--force-badname
默認情況下，將根據配置文件中指定的可配置正則表達式 NAME_REGEX（如果指定了--system，則為NAME_REGEX_SYSTEM）檢查用戶名和組名。此選項強制adduser和addgroup僅對名稱的有效性進行弱檢查。
--gecos?GECOS
為生成的新條目設置gecos字段。如果指定了此選項，則adduser不會詢問手指信息。
--gid?ID
創建組時，此選項將新的組ID強制為給定的數字。創建用戶時，此選項會將用戶放入該組。
--group
與--system結合使用時，將創建一個名稱和ID與系統用戶相同的組。如果未與--system結合使用，則會創建具有給定名稱的組。如果將程序作為addgroup調用，則這是默認操作。
--help
顯示幫助消息，然后退出。
--home?DIR
使用DIR作為用戶的主目錄，而不是配置文件指定的默認目錄。如果該目錄不存在，則會創建該目錄并復制框架文件。
--shell?SHELL
使用SHELL作為用戶的登錄外殼，而不是配置文件指定的默認外殼。
--ingroup?GROUP
將新用戶添加到GROUP，而不是配置文件中的用戶組或USERS_GID定義的默認組。這會影響用戶的主要組。要添加其他組，請參見add_extra_groups選項。
--no-create-home
即使不存在主目錄，也不要創建它。
--quiet
禁止顯示信息性消息，僅顯示警告和錯誤。
--debug
進行詳細說明，如果要確定adduser的問題，這將非常有用。
--system
創建系統用戶或組。
--uid?ID
強制將新的用戶ID設為給定的數字。如果已經使用了userid，則adduser將失敗。
--firstuid?ID
覆蓋從中選擇uid的范圍內的第一個uid（覆蓋配置文件中指定的FIRST_UID）。
--lastuid?ID
覆蓋從（LAST_UID）中選擇uid的范圍內的最后一個uid。
--add_extra_groups
將新用戶添加到配置文件中定義的其他組。
--version
顯示版本和版權信息。
組態
文件/etc/adduser.conf包含程序adduser，addgroup，deluser和delgroup的默認值。每行包含一個“ 選項 = 值 ” 形式的單個值對。值周圍可以使用雙引號或單引號，等號周圍也可以使用空格。評論行的第一列中必須帶有井號（“ ＃ ”）。
有效的配置選項是：
DSHELL
用于所有新用戶的登錄外殼。默認為/ bin / bash。
DHOME
應該在其中創建新主目錄的目錄。默認為/ home。
GROUPHOMES
如果設置為是，則主目錄將作為“創建的/ home / [ 組名 ] /用戶 ”。默認為no。
LETTERHOMES
如果將其設置為yes，那么創建的主目錄將插入一個額外的目錄，該目錄是登錄名的首字母。例如：/ home / u / user。默認為no。
SKEL
應當從中復制骨骼用戶配置文件的目錄。默認為/ etc / skel。
FIRST_SYSTEM_UID,?LAST_SYSTEM_UID
指定范圍的UID，可以從中動態分配系統UID。默認為100 - 999。請注意，系統軟件（例如由base-passwd軟件包分配的用戶）可能會假定未分配小于100的UID。
FIRST_UID,?LAST_UID
指定一個范圍的UID，從中可以動態分配普通用戶的UID。默認為1000 - 29999。
FIRST_SYSTEM_GID,?LAST_SYSTEM_GID
指定一個包含范圍的GID，可以從中動態分配系統GID。默認為100 - 999。
FIRST_GID,?LAST_GID
指定一個包含范圍的GID，從中可以動態分配普通組的GID。默認為1000 - 29999。
USERGROUPS
如果將其設置為yes，那么將為每個創建的用戶分配自己的組以供使用。如果為no，則每個創建的用戶將被放置在GID為USERS_GID的組中（請參見下文）。默認值為yes。
USERS_GID
如果USERGROUPS為no，則USERS_GID是分配給所有新創建用戶的GID。默認值為100。
DIR_MODE
如果設置為有效值（例如0755或755），則創建的目錄將具有指定的權限，如umask。否則，默認使用0755。
SETGID_HOME
如果將其設置為yes，則具有自己的組（USERGROUPS = yes）的用戶的主目錄將設置setgid位。這是3.13之前的adduser版本的默認設置。不幸的是，它具有一些不良的副作用，因此我們不再默認執行此操作。不過，如果您想要它，您仍然可以在這里激活它。
QUOTAUSER
如果設置為非空值，則將向新用戶復制該用戶的配額。默認為空。
NAME_REGEX
根據此正則表達式檢查用戶名和組名。如果名稱與該正則表達式不匹配，除非設置了--force-badname，否則將拒絕在adduser中創建用戶和組。隨著--force-badname集，只有疲軟的執行檢查。默認值為最保守的^ [az] [-a-z0-9] * $。當--system指定，NAME_REGEX_SYSTEM來代替。
NAME_REGEX_SYSTEM
對照此正則表達式檢查系統用戶的名稱。如果提供了--system并且名稱與該正則表達式不匹配，則除非設置了--force-badname，否則將拒絕在adduser中創建用戶。隨著--force-badname集，只有疲軟的執行檢查。默認值與默認的NAME_REGEX相同，但也允許使用大寫字母。
SKEL_IGNORE_REGEX
使用此正則表達式檢查/ etc / skel /中的文件，如果匹配，則不會將其復制到新創建的主目錄中。默認情況下，將其設置為從未合并的配置文件（dpkg-（old | new | dist））中剩余的正則表達式匹配文件。
ADD_EXTRA_GROUPS
將此設置為0（默認值）以外的值將使adduser將新創建的非系統用戶添加到EXTRA_GROUPS定義的組列表中（如下所示）。
EXTRA_GROUPS
這是新的非系統用戶將添加到的組的列表。默認情況下，此列表為“撥出cdrom軟盤音頻視頻plugdev用戶游戲”。
退出值
0
用戶存在，如指定。這可能有兩個原因：用戶是由adduser創建的，或者在調用adduser之前該用戶已經存在于系統中。如果adduser返回0，則使用與之前相同的參數第二次調用adduser也會返回0。
1
創建用戶或組失敗，因為它已經與指定的其他UID / GID一起存在。用戶名或組名由于與配置的正則表達式不匹配而被拒絕。adduser已被信號中止。
或者，由于其他未記錄的原因，可能會返回此代碼，在這種情況下，這些代碼會打印到控制臺。然后，您可以考慮刪除--quiet以使adduser更加冗長。
檔案
/etc/adduser.conf
adduser和addgroup的默認配置文件
adduser [--system] [--home DIR] [--shell SHELL] [--no-create-home] [--uid ID] [--firstuid ID] [--lastuid ID] [--ingroup GROUP | --gid ID] [--disabled-password] [--disabled-login] [--gecos GECOS] [--add_extra_groups] [--encrypt-home] [--quiet] [--debug] [--force-badname] [--help|-h] [--version] [--conf FILE] useraddgroup [--system] [--quiet] [--debug] [--force-badname] [--help|-h] [--version] [--conf FILE] [--gid ID] groupOptions
--conf?FILE
Use?FILE?instead of?/etc/adduser.conf.
--disabled-login
Do not run?passwd?to set the password. The user won't be able to use her account until the password is set.
--disabled-password
Like?--disabled-login, but logins are still possible (for example using SSH RSA keys), but not using password authentication.
--force-badname
By default, user and group names are checked against the configurable?regular expression?NAME_REGEX?(or?NAME_REGEX_SYSTEM?if?--system?is specified) specified in the configuration file. This option forces?adduser?and?addgroup?to apply only a weak check for validity of the name.
--gecos?GECOS
Set the gecos field for the new entry generated.?adduser?will not ask for finger information if this option is given.
--gid?ID
When creating a group, this option forces the new groupid to be the given number. When creating a user, this option will put the user in that group.
--group
When combined with?--system, a group with the same name and ID as the system user is created. If not combined with?--system, a group with the given name is created. This is the default action if the program is invoked as?addgroup.
--help
Display a help message, and exit.
--home?DIR
Use?DIR?as the user's home directory, rather than the default specified by the configuration file. If the directory does not exist, it is created and skeleton files are copied.
--shell?SHELL
Use?SHELL?as the user's login shell, rather than the default specified by the configuration file.
--ingroup?GROUP
Add the new user to?GROUP?instead of a user group or the default group defined by?USERS_GID?in the configuration file. This affects the users primary group. To add additional groups, see the add_extra_groups option.
--no-create-home
Do not create the home directory, even if it doesn't exist.
--quiet
Suppress informational messages, only show warnings and errors.
--debug
Be?verbose, which is most useful if you want to nail down a problem with?adduser.
--system
Create a system user or group.
--uid?ID
Force the new userid to be the given number.?adduser?will fail if the userid is already taken.
--firstuid?ID
Override the first uid in the range that the uid is chosen from (overrides FIRST_UID specified in the configuration file).
--lastuid?ID
Override the last uid in the range that the uid is chosen from ( LAST_UID ).
--add_extra_groups
Add new user to extra groups defined in the configuration file.
--version
Display version and Copyright information.
Configuration
The file?/etc/adduser.conf?contains defaults for the programs?adduser,?addgroup,?deluser?and?delgroup. Each line holds a single value pair in the form "option?=?value". Double or single quotes are allowed around the value, as is whitespace around the equals sign. Comment lines must have a hash sign ("#") in the first column.
The valid configuration options are:
DSHELL
The login shell to be used for all new users. Defaults to?/bin/bash.
DHOME
The directory in which new home directories should be created. Defaults to?/home.
GROUPHOMES
If this is set to?yes, the home directories will be created as "/home/[groupname]/user". Defaults to?no.
LETTERHOMES
If this is set to?yes, then the home directories created will have an extra directory inserted that is the first letter of the loginname. For example:?/home/u/user. Defaults to?no.
SKEL
The directory from which skeletal user configuration files should be copied. Defaults to?/etc/skel.
FIRST_SYSTEM_UID,?LAST_SYSTEM_UID
specify an inclusive range of UIDs from which system UIDs can be dynamically allocated. Default to?100?-?999. Please note that system software, such as the users allocated by the base-passwd package, may assume that UIDs less than 100 are unallocated.
FIRST_UID,?LAST_UID
specify an inclusive range of UIDs from which normal user's UIDs can be dynamically allocated. Default to?1000?-?29999.
FIRST_SYSTEM_GID,?LAST_SYSTEM_GID
specify an inclusive range of GIDs from which system GIDs can be dynamically allocated. Default to?100?-?999.
FIRST_GID,?LAST_GID
specify an inclusive range of GIDs from which normal group's GIDs can be dynamically allocated. Default to?1000?-?29999.
USERGROUPS
If this is set to?yes, then each created user will be given their own group to use. If this is?no, then each created user will be placed in the group whose GID is USERS_GID (see below). The default is?yes.
USERS_GID
If?USERGROUPS?is?no, then?USERS_GID?is the GID given to all newly-created users. The default value is?100.
DIR_MODE
If set to a valid value (e.g.,?0755?or?755), directories created will have the specified permissions as umask. Otherwise,?0755?is used as default.
SETGID_HOME
If this is set to?yes, then home directories for users with their own group (?USERGROUPS=yes?) will have the setgid bit set. This was the default setting for?adduser?versions previous to 3.13. Unfortunately, it has some bad side effects, so we no longer do this per default. If you want it nevertheless you can still activate it here.
QUOTAUSER
If set to a nonempty value, new users will have quotas copied from that user. The default is empty.
NAME_REGEX
User and group names are checked against this regular expression. If the name doesn't match this regexp, user and group creation in adduser is refused unless?--force-badname?is set. With?--force-badname?set, only weak checks are performed. The default is the most conservative?^[a-z][-a-z0-9]*$. When?--system?is specified, NAME_REGEX_SYSTEM is used instead.
NAME_REGEX_SYSTEM
Names of system users are checked against this regular expression. If?--system?is supplied and the name doesn't match this regexp, user creation in adduser is refused unless?--force-badname?is set. With?--force-badname?set, only weak checks are performed. The default is as for the default?NAME_REGEX?but also allowing uppercase letters.
SKEL_IGNORE_REGEX
Files in?/etc/skel/?are checked against this regex, and not copied to the newly created home directory if they match. This is by default set to the regular expression matching files left over from unmerged config files (dpkg-(old|new|dist)).
ADD_EXTRA_GROUPS
Setting this to something other than?0?(the default) will cause adduser to add newly created non-system users to the list of groups defined by?EXTRA_GROUPS?(below).
EXTRA_GROUPS
This is the list of groups that new non-system users will be added to. By default, this list is 'dialout cdrom floppy audio video plugdev users games'.
Exit values
0
The user exists as specified. This can have 2 causes: The user was created by?adduser?or the user was already present on the system before?adduser?was invoked. If?adduser?was returning 0, invoking?adduser?a second time with the same parameters as before also returns?0.
1
Creating the user or group failed because it was already present with other UID/GID than specified. The username or groupname was rejected because of a mismatch with the configured regular expressions.?adduser?has been aborted by a signal.
Or this code may be returned for other undocumented reasons, which in that case are printed to console. You may then consider to remove?--quiet?to make?adduser?more verbose.
Files
/etc/adduser.conf
Default configuration file for?adduser?and?addgroup
查看英文版
查看中文版
addgroup 例子
創建一個新的用戶帳戶mynewuser。
adduser將提示您為用戶分配密碼，并要求您提供可選的標識信息，例如“ 全名”和“ 電話號碼”。
將為新用戶創建一個主目錄（默認為/ home / mynewuser），并創建一個特定于用戶的組mynewuser。框架主目錄的內容（默認位于/ etc / skel）將被復制到新的主目錄中。
如果腳本/usr/local/sbin/adduser.local存在，它將使用參數username uid gid home-directory執行，其中username是mynewuser，uid是mynewuser的用戶標識，gid是mynewuser的組標識，以及home -directory是mynewuser的主目錄。
創建用戶帳戶mynewuser，并在/ home / mynewuserhome位置創建其主目錄。
Creates a new user account,?mynewuser.
adduser?will prompt you to assign a password for the user, and ask you for optional identifying information such as?Full Name?and?Phone Number.
A home directory (by default,?/home/mynewuser) will be created for the new user, and a user-specific group,?mynewuser, will be created. The contents of the skeleton home directory, which by default is located at?/etc/skel, will be copied into the new home directory.
If the script?/usr/local/sbin/adduser.local?exists, it will be executed with the arguments?username uid gid home-directory, where?username?is?mynewuser,?uid?is?mynewuser's?user id,?gid?is?mynewuser's group id, and?home-directory?is?mynewuser's home directory.
Creates the user account?mynewuser, and creates their home directory at the location?/home/mynewuserhome.
查看英文版
查看中文版
其他命令行
apt-cache | apt-get | ar | arch | arp | as | a2p | aspell | ac | at | awk | adduser | a2p | apropos | alias | agrep |