fuser (標識當前正在使用系統上文件或套接字的進程)

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命令行 Unix&Linux命令 fuser

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在類似Unix的操作系統上，fuser命令標識當前正在使用系統上文件或套接字的進程。

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1 fuser 運行系統環境

2 fuser 描述

3 fuser 語法

4 fuser 例子

fuser 運行系統環境

Unix&Linux

fuser 描述

fuser使用指定的文件或文件系統顯示進程的PID。

在默認的顯示模式下，每個文件名后都有一個字母，表示訪問類型：

C	當前目錄。
?	可執行文件正在運行。
F	打開文件。在默認顯示模式下省略f。
F	打開文件進行寫入。在默認顯示模式下省略F。
r	根目錄。
m	mmap文件或共享庫。

如果沒有訪問任何指定的文件或發生致命錯誤，fuser將返回一個非零的返回碼。如果發現至少一個訪問，則定影器返回零。

要使用TCP和UDP套接字查找進程，必須使用-n選項選擇相應的名稱空間。默認情況下，fuser將同時在IPv6和IPv4套接字中查找。若要更改默認行為，請使用-4和-6選項。可以通過本地和遠程端口以及遠程地址來指定套接字。所有字段都是可選的，但必須在缺少的字段前加逗號：

[lcl_port] [，[rmt_host] [，[rmt_port]]]

符號或數字值均可用于IP地址和端口號。

fuser 僅將PID輸出到stdout，其他所有內容都發送到stderr。

fuser displays the PIDs of processes using the specified files or file systems.

In the default display mode, each file name is followed by a letter denoting the type of access:

c	current directory.
e	executable being run.
f	open file. f is omitted in default display mode.
F	open file for writing. F is omitted in default display mode.
r	root directory.
m	mmap'ed file or shared library.

fuser returns a non-zero return code if none of the specified files is accessed or in case of a fatal error. If at least one access has been found, fuser returns zero.

To look up processes using TCP and UDP sockets, the corresponding name space has to be selected with the -n option. By default, fuser will look in both IPv6 and IPv4 sockets. To change the default behavior, use the -4 and -6 options. The socket(s) can be specified by the local and remote port, and the remote address. All fields are optional, but commas in front of missing fields must be present:

[lcl_port][,[rmt_host][,[rmt_port]]]

Either symbolic or numeric values can be used for IP addresses and port numbers.

fuser outputs only the PIDs to stdout, everything else is sent to stderr.

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fuser 語法

fuser [-fuv] [-a|-s] [-4|-6] [-c|-m|-n space] [ -k [-i] [-M] [-w]
      [-SIGNAL] ] name ...

fuser -l

fuser -V

選件

-a，--all	顯示在命令行上指定的所有文件。默認情況下，僅顯示至少由一個進程訪問的文件。
-C	與-m選項相同，用于POSIX兼容性。
-F	靜默忽略，用于POSIX兼容性。
-k，-- kill	終止訪問文件的進程。除非有改變-信號，SIGKILL發送。在定影過程中不會導致死亡本身，而是可能會殺死其他定影過程。在嘗試終止之前，將執行定影器的進程的有效用戶ID設置為其實際用戶ID。
-i，-- interactive	在終止進程之前，請用戶確認。如果-k也不存在，則忽略該選項。
-l，-- list-signals	列出所有已知的信號名稱。
-m NAME，-- mount NAME	NAME在已安裝的文件系統或已安裝的塊設備上指定文件。列出了訪問該文件系統上文件的所有進程。如果指定了目錄文件，它將自動更改為NAME /。使用可能安裝在該目錄上的任何文件系統。
-M，-- ismountpoint	僅當NAME指定安裝點時，請求才會得到滿足。*如果NAME恰好不是文件系統，這是非常寶貴的安全帶，可以防止您殺死計算機。*
-w	僅殺死具有寫訪問權的進程。如果-k也不存在，則忽略該選項。
-n SPACE，-- namespace SPACE	選擇其他名稱空間。支持名稱空間文件（文件名，默認名稱），udp（本地UDP端口）和tcp（本地TCP端口）。對于端口，可以指定端口號或符號名。如果沒有歧義，則可以使用快捷方式名稱/空格（例如80 / tcp）。
-s，-- silent	靜音操作。-u和-v在此模式下被忽略。-a不能與-s一起使用。
--SIGNAL	終止進程時，請使用指定的信號而不是SIGKILL?？梢酝ㄟ^名稱（例如-HUP）或通過數字（例如-1）來指定信號。如果-k選項也不存在，則忽略該選項。
-u，--user	將流程所有者的用戶名追加到每個PID。
-v，-- verbose	詳細模式。進程以類似ps的樣式顯示。PID，USER和COMMAND字段類似于ps。訪問顯示了進程如何訪問文件。當訪問特定文件作為掛載點，knfs導出或交換文件時，詳細模式也會顯示。在這種情況下，將顯示內核而不是PID。
-V，-- version	顯示版本信息。
-4，-- ipv4	僅搜索IPv4套接字。此選項不得與-6選項一起使用，僅對tcp和udp名稱空間有效。
-6，-- ipv6	僅搜索IPv6套接字。此選項不得與-4選項一起使用，并且僅對tcp和udp名稱空間有效。
--	重置所有選項，并將信號設置回SIGKILL。

fuser [-fuv] [-a|-s] [-4|-6] [-c|-m|-n space] [ -k [-i] [-M] [-w]
      [-SIGNAL] ] name ...

fuser -l

fuser -V

Options

-a, --all	Show all files specified on the command line. By default, only files that are accessed by at least one process are shown.
-c	Same as -m option, used for POSIX compatibility.
-f	Silently ignored, used for POSIX compatibility.
-k, --kill	Kill processes accessing the file. Unless changed with -SIGNAL, SIGKILL is sent. An fuser process never kills itself, but may kill other fuser processes. The effective user ID of the process executing fuser is set to its real user ID before attempting to kill.
-i, --interactive	Ask the user for confirmation before killing a process. This option is silently ignored if -k is not also present.
-l, --list-signals	List all known signal names.
-m NAME, --mount NAME	NAME specifies a file on a mounted file system or a block device that is mounted. All processes accessing files on that file system are listed. If a directory file is specified, it is automatically changed to NAME/. to use any file system that might be mounted on that directory.
-M, --ismountpoint	Request will be fulfilled only if NAME specifies a mountpoint. *This is an invaluable seatbelt which prevents you from killing the machine if NAME* happens to not be a filesystem.**
-w	Kill only processes which have write access. This option is silently ignored if -k is not also present.
-n SPACE, --namespace SPACE	Select a different name space. The name spaces file (file names, the default), udp (local UDP ports), and tcp (local TCP ports) are supported. For ports, either the port number or the symbolic name can be specified. If there is no ambiguity, the shortcut notation name/space (e.g., 80/tcp) can be used.
-s, --silent	Silent operation. -u and -v are ignored in this mode. -a must not be used with -s.
-SIGNAL	Use the specified signal instead of SIGKILL when killing processes. Signals can be specified either by name (e.g., -HUP) or by number (e.g., -1). This option is silently ignored if the -k option is not also present.
-u, --user	Append the username of the process owner to each PID.
-v, --verbose	Verbose mode. Processes are shown in a ps-like style. The fields PID, USER, and COMMAND are similar to ps. ACCESS shows how the process accesses the file. Verbose mode will also show when a particular file is being access as a mount point, knfs export or swap file. In this case kernel is shown instead of the PID.
-V, --version	Display version information.
-4, --ipv4	Search only for IPv4 sockets. This option must not be used with the -6 option and only has an effect with the tcp and udp namespaces.
-6, --ipv6	Search only for IPv6 sockets. This option must not be used with the -4 option and only has an effect with the tcp and udp namespaces.
-	Reset all options and set the signal back to SIGKILL.

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fuser 例子

fuser .

顯示使用當前目錄（“ ./ ”）的每個進程ID 。

fuser -v .

顯示有關使用當前目錄的每個進程的詳細信息。此信息包括啟動過程的用戶的名稱和過程名稱的指示符。

fuser -v /

顯示有關使用根目錄的每個進程的詳細信息。

fuser .

Display every process ID that is using the current directory ("./").

fuser -v .

Display verbose information about every process that is using the current directory. This information includes the name of the user who initiated the process and an indicator of the process name.

fuser -v /

Display verbose information about every process that is using the root directory.

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其他命令行

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