deluser (從系統(tǒng)中刪除用戶或組)

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命令行 Unix&Linux命令 deluser

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在Linux操作系統(tǒng)上，deluser和delgroup命令從系統(tǒng)中刪除用戶或組。

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1 deluser 運行系統(tǒng)環(huán)境

2 deluser 描述

3 deluser 語法

4 deluser 例子

deluser 運行系統(tǒng)環(huán)境

Unix&Linux

deluser 描述

deluser和delgroup根據(jù)命令行選項和/etc/deluser.conf和/etc/adduser.conf中的配置信息從系統(tǒng)中刪除用戶和組。它們是userdel和groupdel程序的更友好的前端，可以刪除主目錄作為選項，甚至可以刪除要刪除的用戶擁有的系統(tǒng)上的所有文件，并運行自定義腳本和其他功能。deluser和delgroup可以以下三種模式之一運行：

刪除普通用戶

如果一個非選項稱為參數(shù)和不--group選項，deluser將刪除普通用戶。

默認情況下，deluser將刪除用戶而不刪除主目錄，郵件后臺打印或該用戶擁有的系統(tǒng)上的任何其他文件。可以使用--remove-home選項刪除主目錄和郵件假脫機。

該--remove-所有文件選項刪除用戶所擁有的系統(tǒng)上的所有文件。請注意，如果同時激活這兩個選項，則--remove-home將不起作用，因為--remove-all-files選項已覆蓋所有文件，包括主目錄和郵件后臺打印程序。

如果要在刪除所有文件之前備份所有文件，則可以激活--backup選項，該選項將在--backup-to選項指定的目錄中創(chuàng)建文件username.tar（.gz | .bz2）（默認為當前文件）。工作目錄）。默認情況下，還可以在配置文件/etc/deluser.conf中激活刪除和備份選項。有關詳細信息，請參見deluser.conf。

如果要刪除根帳戶（uid 0），請使用--force 參數(shù)；這樣可以防止意外刪除root用戶。

如果文件/usr/local/sbin/deluser.local存在，將在刪除用戶帳戶以執(zhí)行任何本地清理后執(zhí)行該文件。傳遞給deluser.local的參數(shù)為：“ username uid gid home-directory ”。

刪除組

如果deluser時調(diào)用--group選項，或delgroup被調(diào)用，一組將被刪除。

警告：無法刪除現(xiàn)有用戶的主要組。

如果指定了--only-if-empty選項，則如果該組中有剩余成員，則不會刪除該組。

從特定組中刪除用戶

如果使用兩個非選項參數(shù)調(diào)用，則deluser將從特定組中刪除用戶。

deluser and delgroup remove users and groups from the system according to command line options and configuration information in /etc/deluser.conf and /etc/adduser.conf. They are friendlier front ends to the userdel and groupdel programs, removing the home directory as option or even all files on the system owned by the user to be removed, running a custom script, and other features. deluser and delgroup can be run in one of three modes:

To Remove A Normal User

If called with one non-option argument and without the --group option, deluser will remove a normal user.

By default, deluser will remove the user without removing the home directory, the mail spool or any other files on the system owned by the user. Removing the home directory and mail spool can be achieved using the --remove-home option.

The --remove-all-files option removes all files on the system owned by the user. Note that if you activate both options --remove-home will have no effect because all files including the home directory and mail spool are already covered by the --remove-all-files option.

If you want to backup all files before deleting them you can activate the --backup option which will create a file username.tar(.gz|.bz2) in the directory specified by the --backup-to option (defaulting to the current working directory). Both the remove and backup options can also be activated for default in the configuration file /etc/deluser.conf. See deluser.conf for details.

If you want to remove the root account (uid 0), then use the --force parameter; this prevents removing the root user by accident.

If the file /usr/local/sbin/deluser.local exists, it will be executed after the user account has been removed to do any local cleanup. The arguments passed to deluser.local are: "username uid gid home-directory".

To Remove A Group

If deluser is called with the --group option, or delgroup is called, a group will be removed.

Warning: The primary group of an existing user cannot be removed.

If the option --only-if-empty is given, the group won't be removed if it has any members left.

To Remove A User From A Specific Group

If called with two non-option arguments, deluser will remove a user from a specific group.

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deluser 語法

deluser [--quiet] [--system] [--help] [--version] [--conf FILE] [--force]
        [--remove-home] [--remove-all-files] [--backup]
        [--backup-to DIR] user

deluser --group [--quiet] [--system] [--help] [--version]
        [--conf FILE] group

delgroup [options] [--quiet] [--system] [--help] [--version]
         [--conf FILE] group

deluser [options] user group

Options

--conf FILE	使用FILE而不是默認文件/etc/deluser.conf和/etc/adduser.conf
--group	刪除組。如果以delgroup調(diào)用程序，則這是默認操作。
--help	顯示幫助消息，然后退出。
--quiet	禁止顯示進度消息。
--system	僅當用戶/組是系統(tǒng)用戶/組時才刪除。這樣可以避免意外刪除非系統(tǒng)用戶/組。此外，如果用戶不存在，則不會返回錯誤值。
--backup	將userhome和mailspool文件中包含的所有文件備份到名為/$user.tar.bz2或/$user.tar.gz的文件中。
--backup-to	將備份文件放置在此參數(shù)指定的目錄中，而不要放在/中。這也隱式設置--backup。
--remove-home	刪除用戶的主目錄及其郵件池。如果指定了--backup，則在執(zhí)行備份后刪除文件。
--remove-all-files	從該用戶擁有的系統(tǒng)中刪除所有文件。注意：-- remove-home不再起作用。如果指定了--backup，則在執(zhí)行備份后刪除文件。
--version	顯示版本和版權信息。

組態(tài)

文件/etc/deluser.conf包含程序deluser和delgroup的默認值。每個選項均采用“ option = value ”的形式。值周圍可以使用雙引號或單引號。注釋行的開頭必須有一個井號（“ ＃ ”）。

deluser和delgroup也讀取/etc/adduser.conf，請參見adduser.conf；在設置deluser.conf可以覆蓋在所做的設置adduser.conf。

有效的配置選項是：

REMOVE_HOME	刪除要刪除的用戶的主目錄和郵件后臺打印程序。值可以是0（不刪除）或1（要刪除）。
REMOVE_ALL_FILES	刪除要刪除的用戶擁有的系統(tǒng)上的所有文件。如果激活此選項，則REMOVE_HOME不起作用。值可以是0或1。
BACKUP	如果激活REMOVE_HOME或REMOVE_ALL_FILES，則在刪除所有文件之前先對其進行備份。在BACKUP_TO選項指定的目錄中，創(chuàng)建的備份文件默認為username.tar（.gz \| .bz2）。盡量選擇壓縮方法。值可以是0或1。
BACKUP_TO	如果激活了BACKUP，則BACKUP_TO指定要寫入備份的目錄。默認為當前目錄。
NO_DEL_PATHS	正則表達式列表，以空格分隔。對照這些正則表達式中的每一個，檢查在刪除主目錄或刪除要刪除的用戶擁有的文件過程中要刪除的所有文件。如果檢測到匹配項，則不會刪除該文件。默認為系統(tǒng)目錄列表，僅保留/ home。換句話說：默認情況下，僅/ home下面屬于該特定用戶的文件將被刪除。
ONLY_IF_EMPTY	僅當沒有用戶屬于該組時才刪除該組。默認為0。
EXCLUDE_FSTYPES	一個正則表達式，描述尋找要刪除的用戶文件時應排除的所有文件系統(tǒng)。默認為“ （proc \| sysfs \| usbfs \| devpts \| tmpfs \| afs） ”。

返回值

0	該操作已成功執(zhí)行。
1	要刪除的用戶不是系統(tǒng)帳戶。沒有執(zhí)行任何操作。
2	沒有這樣的用戶。沒有執(zhí)行任何操作。
3	沒有這樣的團體。沒有執(zhí)行任何操作。
4	內(nèi)部錯誤。沒有執(zhí)行任何操作。
5	要刪除的組不為空。沒有執(zhí)行任何操作。
6	該用戶不屬于指定的組。沒有執(zhí)行任何操作。
7	您不能從其主要組中刪除用戶。沒有執(zhí)行任何操作。
8	未安裝所需的perl軟件包“ perl模塊”。需要此軟件包才能執(zhí)行請求的操作。沒有執(zhí)行任何操作。
9	要刪除root帳戶，需要參數(shù)“ --force ”。沒有執(zhí)行任何操作。

檔案

/etc/deluser.conf

Configuration file.

deluser [--quiet] [--system] [--help] [--version] [--conf FILE] [--force]
        [--remove-home] [--remove-all-files] [--backup]
        [--backup-to DIR] user

deluser --group [--quiet] [--system] [--help] [--version]
        [--conf FILE] group

delgroup [options] [--quiet] [--system] [--help] [--version]
         [--conf FILE] group

deluser [options] user group

Options

--conf FILE	Use FILE instead of the default files /etc/deluser.conf and /etc/adduser.conf
--group	Remove a group. This is the default action if the program is invoked as delgroup.
--help	Display a help message, and exit.
--quiet	Suppress progress messages.
--system	Only delete if user/group is a system user/group. This avoids accidentally deleting non-system users/groups. Additionally, if the user does not exist, no error value is returned.
--backup	Backup all files contained in the userhome and the mailspool file to a file named /$user.tar.bz2 or /$user.tar.gz.
--backup-to	Place the backup files not in / but in the directory specified by this parameter. This implicitly sets --backup also.
--remove-home	Remove the home directory of the user and its mailspool. If --backup is specified, the files are deleted after having performed the backup.
--remove-all-files	Remove all files from the system owned by this user. Note: --remove-home does not have an effect any more. If --backup is specified, the files are deleted after having performed the backup.
--version	Display version and Copyright information.

Configuration

The file /etc/deluser.conf contains defaults for the programs deluser and delgroup. Each option takes the form "option = value". Double or single quotes are allowed around the value. Comment lines must have a hash sign ("#") at the beginning of the line.

deluser and delgroup also read /etc/adduser.conf, see adduser.conf; settings in deluser.conf may overwrite settings made in adduser.conf.

The valid configuration options are:

REMOVE_HOME	Removes the home directory and mail spool of the user to be removed. Value may be 0 (don't delete) or 1 (do delete).
REMOVE_ALL_FILES	Removes all files on the system owned by the user to be removed. If this option is activated REMOVE_HOME has no effect. Values may be 0 or 1.
BACKUP	If REMOVE_HOME or REMOVE_ALL_FILES is activated, all files are backed up before they are removed. The backup file that is created defaults to username.tar(.gz\|.bz2) in the directory specified by the BACKUP_TO option. The compression method is chosen to the best that is available. Values may be 0 or 1.
BACKUP_TO	If BACKUP is activated, BACKUP_TO specifies the directory to write the backup. Default is the current directory.
NO_DEL_PATHS	A list of regular expressions, space-separated. All files to be deleted in course of deleting home directories or deleting files owned by the user to be deleted are checked against each of these regular expressions. If a match is detected, the file is not deleted. Defaults to a list of system directories, leaving only /home. In other words: By default, only files below /home belonging to that specific user are going to be deleted.
ONLY_IF_EMPTY	Only delete a group if there are no user who belong to this group. Defaults to 0.
EXCLUDE_FSTYPES	A regular expression which describes all file systems which should be excluded when looking for files of a user to be deleted. Defaults to "(proc\|sysfs\|usbfs\|devpts\|tmpfs\|afs)".

Return Value

0	The action was successfully executed.
1	The user to delete was not a system account. No action was performed.
2	There is no such user. No action was performed.
3	There is no such group. No action was performed.
4	Internal error. No action was performed.
5	The group to delete is not empty. No action was performed.
6	The user does not belong to the specified group. No action was performed.
7	You cannot remove a user from its primary group. No action was performed.
8	The required perl package 'perl modules' is not installed. This package is required to perform the requested actions. No action was performed.
9	For removing the root account the parameter "--force" is required. No action was performed.

Files

/etc/deluser.conf

Configuration file.

查看英文版

deluser 例子

deluser myuser

刪除用戶帳戶myuser。

deluser --remove-home myuser

刪除用戶帳戶myuser，同時也刪除該用戶的主目錄。

deluser --force myuser

刪除用戶帳戶myuser，即使該用戶當前已登錄。

deluser --backup-to /directory myuser

刪除用戶帳戶myuser并將其文件備份到名為myuser.tar的tar歸檔文件中，該歸檔文件在目錄/ directory中創(chuàng)建。

delgroup mygroup

刪除組mygroup。

deluser myuser

Deletes the user account myuser.

deluser --remove-home myuser

Deletes the user account myuser, and removes that user's home directory as well.

deluser --force myuser

Deletes the user account myuser even if that user is currently logged in.

deluser --backup-to /directory myuser

Deletes the user account myuser and backs up their files in a tar archive called myuser.tar, which is created in the directory /directory.

delgroup mygroup

Deletes the group mygroup.

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