On Linux operating systems, the cfdisk command manipulates or displays information about the disk partition table. It incorporates all the functionality of fdisk, but with a text-based "graphical" interface.
要寫入分區(qū)表，cfdisk需要磁盤的一種“幾何形狀”：“磁頭”的數(shù)量和“每個磁道的扇區(qū)”的數(shù)量。Linux不使用任何幾何體，因此，如果其他操作系統(tǒng)無法訪問該磁盤，則可以安全地接受cfdisk為您選擇的默認(rèn)值。cfdisk使用的幾何結(jié)構(gòu)如下：首先檢查分區(qū)表，以查看更改它的上一個程序使用了什么幾何結(jié)構(gòu)。如果分區(qū)表為空，或包含垃圾，或未指向一致的幾何圖形，則會要求內(nèi)核提供建議。如果沒有任何效果，則假定255個磁頭和63個扇區(qū)/磁道。幾何圖形可以在命令行或使用“ g ”命令。在對空的大型現(xiàn)代磁盤進(jìn)行分區(qū)時，最好選擇255個磁頭和63個扇區(qū)/磁道。由于cfdisk知道磁盤大小，因此無需設(shè)置柱面數(shù)。
DOS 6.x FORMAT命令在分區(qū)的數(shù)據(jù)區(qū)域的第一個扇區(qū)中查找某些信息，并將此信息視為比分區(qū)表中的信息更可靠。DOS FORMAT期望DOS FDISK會在大小發(fā)生變化時清除分區(qū)數(shù)據(jù)區(qū)域的前512個字節(jié)。即使給出了/ U標(biāo)志，DOS FORMAT也會查看這些額外信息。這被認(rèn)為是DOS FORMAT和DOS FDISK中的錯誤。
最重要的是，如果您使用cfdisk或fdisk更改DOS分區(qū)表條目的大小，則在使用DOS FORMAT格式化分區(qū)之前，還必須使用dd將該分區(qū)的前512個字節(jié)清零。例如，如果使用cfdisk為/ dev / hda1創(chuàng)建DOS分區(qū)表條目，則（退出fdisk或cfdisk并重新引導(dǎo)Linux以使分區(qū)表信息有效之后），您將使用命令。
dd if = / dev / zero of = / dev / hda1 bs = 512 count = 1
cfdisk is a program for partitioning any hard drive. Typical values of the device argument are:
/dev/hda [default]
/dev/hdb
/dev/sda
/dev/sdb
/dev/sdc
/dev/sdd
To write the partition table, cfdisk needs something called the "geometry" of the disk: the number of "heads" and the number of "sectors per track". Linux does not use any geometry, so if the disk will not be accessed by other operating systems, you can safely accept the defaults that cfdisk chooses for you. The geometry used by cfdisk is found as follows: first the partition table is examined, to see what geometry was used by the previous program that changed it. If the partition table is empty, or contains garbage, or does not point at a consistent geometry, the kernel is asked for advice. If nothing works, 255 heads and 63 sectors/track is assumed. The geometry can be overridden on the command line or by use of the "g" command. When partitioning an empty large modern disk, picking 255 heads and 63 sectors/track is always a good idea. There is no need to set the number of cylinders since cfdisk knows the disk size.
Next, cfdisk tries to read the current partition table from the disk drive. If it is unable to figure out the partition table, an error is displayed and the program will exit. This might also be caused by incorrect geometry information, and can be overridden on the command line. Another way around this problem is with the -z option. This option ignores the partition table on the disk.
The main display is composed of four sections, from top to bottom: the header, the partitions, the command line and a warning line. The header contains the program name and version number followed by the disk drive and its geometry. The partitions section always displays the current partition table. The command line is the place where commands and text are entered. The available commands are usually displayed in brackets. The warning line is usually empty except when there is important information to be displayed. The current partition is highlighted with reverse video (or an arrow if the -a option is given). All partition specific commands apply to the current partition.
The format of the partition table in the partitions section is, from left to right: Name, Flags, Partition Type, Filesystem Type and Size. The name is the partition device name. The flags can be Boot, which designates a bootable partition, or NC, which stands for "Not Compatible with DOS or OS/2". DOS, OS/2, and possibly other operating systems require the first sector of the first partition on the disk and all logical partitions to begin on the second head. This wastes the second through the last sector of the first track of the first head (the first sector is taken by the partition table itself). cfdisk allows you to recover these "lost" sectors with the maximize command (m).
A warning about DOS 6.x
The DOS 6.x FORMAT command looks for some information in the first sector of the data area of the partition, and treats this information as more reliable than the information in the partition table. DOS FORMAT expects DOS FDISK to clear the first 512 bytes of the data area of a partition whenever a size change occurs. DOS FORMAT will look at this extra information even if the /U flag is given; this is considered a bug in DOS FORMAT and DOS FDISK.
The bottom line is that if you use cfdisk or fdisk to change the size of a DOS partition table entry, then you must also use dd to zero the first 512 bytes of that partition before using DOS FORMAT to format the partition. For example, if you were using cfdisk to make a DOS partition table entry for /dev/hda1, then (after exiting fdisk or cfdisk and rebooting Linux so that the partition table information is valid) you would use the command.
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/hda1 bs=512 count=1
to zero the first 512 bytes of the partition. Note:
When using the dd command, a small typo can make all the data on your disk useless.
For best results, you should always use an OS-specific partition table program. For example, you should make DOS partitions with the DOS FDISK program and Linux partitions with the Linux fdisk or Linux cfdisk program.
fdisk and some early versions of DOS create all partitions with the number of sectors already maximized. For more information, see the maximize command below. The partition type can be one of Primary or Logical. For unallocated space on the drive, the partition type can also be Pri/Log, or empty (if the space is unusable). The filesystem type section displays the name of the filesystem used on the partition, if known. If it is unknown, then Unknown and the hex value of the filesystem type are displayed. A special case occurs when there are sections of the disk drive that cannot be used (because all the primary partitions are used). When this is detected, the filesystem type is displayed as Unusable. The size field displays the size of the partition in megabytes (by default). It can also display the size in sectors and cylinders (see the change units command below). If an asterisk (*) appears after the size, this means that the partition is not aligned on cylinder boundaries.
更改文件系統(tǒng)類型。默認(rèn)情況下，新分區(qū)被創(chuàng)建為Linux分區(qū)，但是由于cfdisk可以為其他操作系統(tǒng)創(chuàng)建分區(qū)，因此更改分區(qū)類型允許您輸入所需文件系統(tǒng)的十六進(jìn)制值。顯示已知文件系統(tǒng)類型的列表。您可以在提示符下輸入文件系統(tǒng)類型，或接受默認(rèn)的文件系統(tǒng)類型[ Linux ]。
u
更改分區(qū)大小顯示的單位。它將旋轉(zhuǎn)兆字節(jié)，扇區(qū)和柱面。
W
將分區(qū)表寫入磁盤（必須輸入大寫的W）。由于這可能會破壞磁盤上的數(shù)據(jù)，因此您必須輸入“ yes ”或“ no ” 來確認(rèn)或拒絕寫入。如果輸入“ yes ”，則cfdisk會將分區(qū)表寫入磁盤，并告訴內(nèi)核從磁盤重新讀取分區(qū)表。分區(qū)表的重新讀取在某些情況下不起作用，例如對于設(shè)備映射器設(shè)備。在特定情況下，您需要通過partprobe，kpartx或重新引導(dǎo)系統(tǒng)來通知內(nèi)核有關(guān)新分區(qū)的信息。
cfdisk commands can be entered by pressing the desired key (pressing Enter after the command is not necessary). Here is a list of the available commands:
b
Toggle bootable flag of the current partition. This allows you to select which primary partition is bootable on the drive.
d
Delete the current partition. This command will convert the current partition into free space and merge it with any free space immediately surrounding the current partition. A partition already marked as free space or marked as unusable cannot be deleted.
g
Change the disk geometry (cylinders, heads, or sectors-per-track).
WARNING: This option should only be used by people who know what they are doing. A command line option is also available to change the disk geometry. While at the change disk geometry command line, you can choose to change cylinders (c), heads (h), and sectors per track (s). The default value will be printed at the prompt which you can accept by pressing the Enter key, or you can exit without changes by pressing the Esc key. If you want to change the default value, enter the desired value and press Enter. The altered disk parameter values do not take effect until you return to the main menu (by pressing Enter or Esc at the change disk geometry command line). If you change the geometry such that the disk appears larger, the extra sectors are added at the end of the disk as free space. If the disk appears smaller, the partitions that are beyond the new last sector are deleted and the last partition on the drive (or the free space at the end of the drive) is made to end at the new last sector.
h
Print the help screen.
m
Maximize disk usage of the current partition. This command will recover the unused space between the partition table and the beginning of the partition, but at the cost of making the partition incompatible with DOS, OS/2, and possibly other operating systems. This option will toggle between maximal disk usage and DOS, OS/2, etc. compatible disk usage. The default when creating a partition is to create DOS, OS/2, etc. compatible partitions.
n
Create new partition from free space. If the partition type is Primary or Logical, a partition of that type will be created, but if the partition type is Pri/Log, you will be prompted for the type you want to create. Be aware that:
there are only four slots available for primary partitions
since there can be only one extended partition, which contains all the logical drives, all the logical drives must be contiguous (with no intervening primary partition).
cfdisk next prompts you for the size of the partition you want to create. The default size, equal to the entire free space of the current partition, is displayed in megabytes. You can either press the Enter key to accept the default size or enter a different size at the prompt. cfdisk accepts size entries in megabytes (M) [this is the default], kilobytes (K), cylinders (C) and sectors (S) by entering the number immediately followed by one of (M, K, C or S). If the partition fills the free space available, the partition is created and you are returned to the main command line. Otherwise, the partition can be created at the beginning or the end of the free space, and cfdisk will ask you to choose where to place the partition. After the partition is created, cfdisk automatically adjusts the other partitions' partition types if all the primary partitions are used.
p
Print the partition table to the screen or to a file. There are different formats for the partition that you can choose from:
r
Raw data format (exactly what would be written to disk).
s
Partition table in sector order format.
t
Partition table in raw format.
The raw data format will print the sectors that would be written to disk if a write command is selected. First, the primary partition table is printed, followed by the partition tables associated with each logical partition. The data is printed in hex byte by byte with 16 bytes per line.
The partition table in sector order format will print the partition table ordered by sector number. The fields, from left to right, are the number of the partition, the partition type, the first sector, the last sector, the offset from the first sector of the partition to the start of the data, the length of the partition, the filesystem type (with the hex value in parenthesis), and the flags (with the hex value in parenthesis). In addition to the primary and logical partitions, free and unusable space is printed and the extended partition is printed before the first logical partition.
If a partition does not start or end on a cylinder boundary or if the partition length is not divisible by the cylinder size, an asterisk (*) is printed after the non-aligned sector number/count. This usually indicates that a partition was created by an operating system that either does not align partitions to cylinder boundaries or that used different disk geometry information. If you know the disk geometry of the other operating system, you could enter the geometry information with the change geometry command (g).
For the first partition on the disk and for all logical partitions, if the offset from the beginning of the partition is not equal to the number of sectors per track (i.e., the data does not start on the first head), a number sign (#) is printed after the offset. For the remaining partitions, if the offset is not zero, a number sign will be printed after the offset. This corresponds to the NC flag in the partitions section of the main display.
The partition table in raw format will print the partition table ordered by partition number. It will leave out all free and unusable space. The fields, from left to right, are the number of the partition, the flags (in hex), the starting head, sector, and cylinder, the filesystem ID (in hex), the ending head, sector, and cylinder, the starting sector in the partition and the number of sectors in the partition. The information in this table can be directly translated to the raw data format.
The partition table entries only have 10 bits available to represent the starting and ending cylinders. Thus, when the absolute starting (ending) sector number is on a cylinder greater than 1023, the maximal values for starting (ending) head, sector, and cylinder are printed. This is the method used by OS/2, and thus fixes the problems associated with OS/2's fdisk rewriting the partition table when it is not in this format. Since Linux and OS/2 use absolute sector counts, the values in the starting and ending head, sector, and cylinder are not used.
q
Quit program. This command will exit the program without writing any data to disk.
t
Change the filesystem type. By default, new partitions are created as Linux partitions, but since cfdisk can create partitions for other operating systems, change partition type allows you to enter the hex value of the filesystem you desire. A list of the know filesystem types is displayed. You can type in the filesystem type at the prompt or accept the default filesystem type [Linux].
u
Change units of the partition size display. It will rotate through megabytes, sectors, and cylinders.
W
Write partition table to disk (must enter an uppercase W). Since this might destroy data on the disk, you must either confirm or deny the write by entering "yes" or "no". If you enter "yes," cfdisk will write the partition table to disk and the tell the kernel to re-read the partition table from the disk. The re-reading of the partition table does not work in some cases, for example for device-mapper devices. In particular case you need to inform kernel about new partitions by partprobe, kpartx or reboot the system.
UpArrow, DownArrow
Move cursor to the previous or next partition. If there are more partitions than can be displayed on a screen, you can display the next (previous) set of partitions by moving down (up) at the last (first) partition displayed on the screen.
Ctrl-L
Redraws the screen. In case something goes wrong and you cannot read anything, you can refresh the screen from the main command line.
?
Print the help screen.
All the commands can be entered with either upper or lowercase letters (except for Writes). When in a sub-menu or at a prompt to enter a file name, you can hit the Esc key to return to the main command line.
Use an arrow cursor instead of reverse video for highlighting the current partition.
-g
Do not use the geometry given by the disk driver, but try to guess a geometry from the partition table.
-v
Print the version number and Copyright.
-z
Start
with zeroed partition table. This option is useful when you want to
repartition your entire disk. Note: this option does not zero the
partition table on the disk; rather, it starts the program without
reading the existing partition table.
-c cylinders,
-h heads,
-s sectors-per-track
Override the number of cylinders, heads, and sectors per track read from the BIOS.
If your BIOS or adapter does not supply this information or if it
supplies incorrect information, use these options to set the disk
geometry values.
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cfdisk 示例
sudo cfdisk
使用命令運行cfdisk，以root特權(quán)執(zhí)行該命令
sudo cfdisk
Run cfdisk, using the sudo command to execute the command with root privileges.
cfdisk (顯示有關(guān)磁盤分區(qū)表的信息)
在Linux操作系統(tǒng)上，cfdisk命令操作或顯示有關(guān)磁盤分區(qū)表的信息。 它整合了fdisk的所有功能，但是有一個基于文本的“圖形”界面。
On Linux operating systems, the cfdisk command manipulates or displays information about the disk partition table. It incorporates all the functionality of fdisk, but with a text-based "graphical" interface.
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1 cfdisk 運行系統(tǒng)環(huán)境
2 cfdisk 描述
3 cfdisk 語法
4 cfdisk 指令
5 命令行選項
6 cfdisk 示例
cfdisk 運行系統(tǒng)環(huán)境
Unix&Linux
cfdisk 描述
cfdisk是用于對任何硬盤驅(qū)動器進(jìn)行分區(qū)的程序。設(shè)備參數(shù)的典型值為：
要寫入分區(qū)表，cfdisk需要磁盤的一種“幾何形狀”：“磁頭”的數(shù)量和“每個磁道的扇區(qū)”的數(shù)量。Linux不使用任何幾何體，因此，如果其他操作系統(tǒng)無法訪問該磁盤，則可以安全地接受cfdisk為您選擇的默認(rèn)值。cfdisk使用的幾何結(jié)構(gòu)如下：首先檢查分區(qū)表，以查看更改它的上一個程序使用了什么幾何結(jié)構(gòu)。如果分區(qū)表為空，或包含垃圾，或未指向一致的幾何圖形，則會要求內(nèi)核提供建議。如果沒有任何效果，則假定255個磁頭和63個扇區(qū)/磁道。幾何圖形可以在命令行或使用“ g ”命令。在對空的大型現(xiàn)代磁盤進(jìn)行分區(qū)時，最好選擇255個磁頭和63個扇區(qū)/磁道。由于cfdisk知道磁盤大小，因此無需設(shè)置柱面數(shù)。
接下來，cfdisk嘗試從磁盤驅(qū)動器讀取當(dāng)前分區(qū)表。如果無法找出分區(qū)表，則會顯示錯誤，程序?qū)⑼顺?。這也可能是由于幾何信息不正確引起的，并且可以在命令行上覆蓋。解決此問題的另一種方法是使用-z選項。此選項將忽略磁盤上的分區(qū)表。
主顯示由上至下四個部分組成：標(biāo)題，分區(qū)，命令行和警告行。標(biāo)頭包含程序名稱和版本號，后跟磁盤驅(qū)動器及其幾何形狀。分區(qū)部分始終顯示當(dāng)前分區(qū)表。命令行是輸入命令和文本的地方。可用命令通常顯示在括號中。警告行通常為空，除非有重要信息要顯示。當(dāng)前分區(qū)以反向視頻突出顯示（如果提供了-a選項，則以箭頭突出顯示）。所有特定于分區(qū)的命令都適用于當(dāng)前分區(qū)。
分區(qū)部分中分區(qū)表的格式從左到右為：名稱，標(biāo)志，分區(qū)類型，文件系統(tǒng)類型和大小。該名稱是分區(qū)設(shè)備名稱。標(biāo)志可以是Boot，它指定可引導(dǎo)分區(qū)，也可以是NC，其代表“與DOS或OS / 2不兼容”。DOS，OS / 2和其他操作系統(tǒng)可能需要磁盤上第一個分區(qū)的第一個扇區(qū)，而所有邏輯分區(qū)都必須從第二個磁頭開始。這浪費了第一個磁頭的第一個磁道的第二個到最后一個扇區(qū)（第一個扇區(qū)由分區(qū)表本身獲取）。cfdisk使您可以使用最大化命令（m）恢復(fù)這些“丟失”的扇區(qū)。
關(guān)于DOS 6.x的警告
DOS 6.x FORMAT命令在分區(qū)的數(shù)據(jù)區(qū)域的第一個扇區(qū)中查找某些信息，并將此信息視為比分區(qū)表中的信息更可靠。DOS FORMAT期望DOS FDISK會在大小發(fā)生變化時清除分區(qū)數(shù)據(jù)區(qū)域的前512個字節(jié)。即使給出了/ U標(biāo)志，DOS FORMAT也會查看這些額外信息。這被認(rèn)為是DOS FORMAT和DOS FDISK中的錯誤。
最重要的是，如果您使用cfdisk或fdisk更改DOS分區(qū)表條目的大小，則在使用DOS FORMAT格式化分區(qū)之前，還必須使用dd將該分區(qū)的前512個字節(jié)清零。例如，如果使用cfdisk為/ dev / hda1創(chuàng)建DOS分區(qū)表條目，則（退出fdisk或cfdisk并重新引導(dǎo)Linux以使分區(qū)表信息有效之后），您將使用命令。
將分區(qū)的前512個字節(jié)清零。注意：
警告使用dd命令時，小的錯字可能會使磁盤上的所有數(shù)據(jù)失效。
為了獲得最佳結(jié)果，應(yīng)始終使用特定于操作系統(tǒng)的分區(qū)表程序。例如，您應(yīng)該使用DOS FDISK程序創(chuàng)建DOS分區(qū)，并使用Linux fdisk或Linux cfdisk程序創(chuàng)建Linux分區(qū)。
cfdisk is a program for partitioning any hard drive. Typical values of the device argument are:
To write the partition table, cfdisk needs something called the "geometry" of the disk: the number of "heads" and the number of "sectors per track". Linux does not use any geometry, so if the disk will not be accessed by other operating systems, you can safely accept the defaults that cfdisk chooses for you. The geometry used by cfdisk is found as follows: first the partition table is examined, to see what geometry was used by the previous program that changed it. If the partition table is empty, or contains garbage, or does not point at a consistent geometry, the kernel is asked for advice. If nothing works, 255 heads and 63 sectors/track is assumed. The geometry can be overridden on the command line or by use of the "g" command. When partitioning an empty large modern disk, picking 255 heads and 63 sectors/track is always a good idea. There is no need to set the number of cylinders since cfdisk knows the disk size.
Next, cfdisk tries to read the current partition table from the disk drive. If it is unable to figure out the partition table, an error is displayed and the program will exit. This might also be caused by incorrect geometry information, and can be overridden on the command line. Another way around this problem is with the -z option. This option ignores the partition table on the disk.
The main display is composed of four sections, from top to bottom: the header, the partitions, the command line and a warning line. The header contains the program name and version number followed by the disk drive and its geometry. The partitions section always displays the current partition table. The command line is the place where commands and text are entered. The available commands are usually displayed in brackets. The warning line is usually empty except when there is important information to be displayed. The current partition is highlighted with reverse video (or an arrow if the -a option is given). All partition specific commands apply to the current partition.
The format of the partition table in the partitions section is, from left to right: Name, Flags, Partition Type, Filesystem Type and Size. The name is the partition device name. The flags can be Boot, which designates a bootable partition, or NC, which stands for "Not Compatible with DOS or OS/2". DOS, OS/2, and possibly other operating systems require the first sector of the first partition on the disk and all logical partitions to begin on the second head. This wastes the second through the last sector of the first track of the first head (the first sector is taken by the partition table itself). cfdisk allows you to recover these "lost" sectors with the maximize command (m).
A warning about DOS 6.x
The DOS 6.x FORMAT command looks for some information in the first sector of the data area of the partition, and treats this information as more reliable than the information in the partition table. DOS FORMAT expects DOS FDISK to clear the first 512 bytes of the data area of a partition whenever a size change occurs. DOS FORMAT will look at this extra information even if the /U flag is given; this is considered a bug in DOS FORMAT and DOS FDISK.
The bottom line is that if you use cfdisk or fdisk to change the size of a DOS partition table entry, then you must also use dd to zero the first 512 bytes of that partition before using DOS FORMAT to format the partition. For example, if you were using cfdisk to make a DOS partition table entry for /dev/hda1, then (after exiting fdisk or cfdisk and rebooting Linux so that the partition table information is valid) you would use the command.
to zero the first 512 bytes of the partition. Note:
When using the dd command, a small typo can make all the data on your disk useless.
For best results, you should always use an OS-specific partition table program. For example, you should make DOS partitions with the DOS FDISK program and Linux partitions with the Linux fdisk or Linux cfdisk program.
fdisk和DOS的某些早期版本創(chuàng)建的所有分區(qū)的扇區(qū)數(shù)已經(jīng)最大化。有關(guān)更多信息，請參見下面的最大化命令。分區(qū)類型可以是Primary或Logical之一。對于驅(qū)動器上未分配的空間，分區(qū)類型也可以是Pri / Log或空（如果空間不可用）。文件系統(tǒng)類型部分顯示分區(qū)上使用的文件系統(tǒng)的名稱（如果已知）。如果未知，則未知和十六進(jìn)制顯示文件系統(tǒng)類型的值。當(dāng)磁盤驅(qū)動器的某些部分無法使用時（因為使用了所有主分區(qū)），就會發(fā)生特殊情況。檢測到此錯誤后，文件系統(tǒng)類型將顯示為Unusable。size字段顯示分區(qū)的大小（以兆字節(jié)為單位）（默認(rèn)情況下）。它還可以顯示扇區(qū)和圓柱的大小（請參見下面的更改單位命令）。如果大小后出現(xiàn)星號（*），則表示該分區(qū)未在圓柱邊界上對齊。
fdisk and some early versions of DOS create all partitions with the number of sectors already maximized. For more information, see the maximize command below. The partition type can be one of Primary or Logical. For unallocated space on the drive, the partition type can also be Pri/Log, or empty (if the space is unusable). The filesystem type section displays the name of the filesystem used on the partition, if known. If it is unknown, then Unknown and the hex value of the filesystem type are displayed. A special case occurs when there are sections of the disk drive that cannot be used (because all the primary partitions are used). When this is detected, the filesystem type is displayed as Unusable. The size field displays the size of the partition in megabytes (by default). It can also display the size in sectors and cylinders (see the change units command below). If an asterisk (*) appears after the size, this means that the partition is not aligned on cylinder boundaries.
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cfdisk 語法
cfdisk [-agvz] [-c cylinders] [-h heads] [-s sectors-per-track] [-P opt] [device]cfdisk [-agvz] [-c cylinders] [-h heads] [-s sectors-per-track] [-P opt] [device]查看英文版
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cfdisk 指令
可以通過按所需的鍵輸入cfdisk命令（不需要該命令后按Enter）。以下是可用命令的列表：
b
切換當(dāng)前分區(qū)的可啟動標(biāo)志。這使您可以選擇驅(qū)動器上可引導(dǎo)的主分區(qū)。
d
刪除當(dāng)前分區(qū)。此命令會將當(dāng)前分區(qū)轉(zhuǎn)換為可用空間，并將其與當(dāng)前分區(qū)周圍的所有可用空間合并。已經(jīng)標(biāo)記為可用空間或標(biāo)記為不可用的分區(qū)無法刪除。
g
更改磁盤的幾何形狀（圓柱，磁頭或每磁道扇區(qū)）。
警告：此選項僅應(yīng)由知道自己在做什么的人使用。也可以使用命令行選項來更改磁盤的幾何形狀。在更改磁盤幾何圖形命令行上時，您可以選擇更改圓柱（ c），磁頭（ h）和每磁道的扇區(qū)（ s）。默認(rèn)值將在提示下打印，您可以通過按Enter鍵來接受該默認(rèn)值，或者可以通過按 Esc鍵退出而不進(jìn)行任何更改。如果要更改默認(rèn)值，請輸入所需的值，然后按Enter。更改的磁盤參數(shù)值直到返回主菜單（通過按 Enter或 Esc鍵）才會生效。在更改磁盤幾何圖形命令行上）。如果更改幾何形狀以使磁盤看起來更大，則會在磁盤末尾添加額外的扇區(qū)作為可用空間。如果磁盤看起來較小，則會刪除新的最后一個扇區(qū)以外的分區(qū)，并使驅(qū)動器上的最后一個分區(qū)（或驅(qū)動器末端的可用空間）在新的最后一個扇區(qū)處結(jié)束。
h
打印幫助屏幕。
m
最大化當(dāng)前分區(qū)的磁盤使用率。此命令將恢復(fù)分區(qū)表和分區(qū)開頭之間的未使用空間，但是以使分區(qū)與DOS，OS / 2和其他操作系統(tǒng)不兼容為代價。此選項將在最大磁盤使用率和DOS，OS / 2等兼容磁盤使用率之間切換。創(chuàng)建分區(qū)時的默認(rèn)設(shè)置是創(chuàng)建DOS，OS / 2等兼容分區(qū)。
n
從可用空間創(chuàng)建新分區(qū)。如果分區(qū)類型是Primary或Logical，則會創(chuàng)建該類型的分區(qū)，但是如果分區(qū)類型是Pri / Log，則會提示您輸入要創(chuàng)建的類型。意識到：
cfdisk next提示您輸入要創(chuàng)建的分區(qū)的大小。默認(rèn)大小（等于當(dāng)前分區(qū)的整個可用空間）以兆字節(jié)顯示。您可以按Enter鍵接受默認(rèn)大小，也可以在提示時輸入其他大小。cfdisk接受大小輸入，以兆字節(jié)（M）[這是默認(rèn)設(shè)置]，千字節(jié)（K），柱面（C）和扇區(qū)（S）為單位，方法是輸入數(shù)字，緊隨其后的是（M，K，C或S）。如果該分區(qū)填滿了可用的可用空間，則會創(chuàng)建該分區(qū)，并返回到主命令行。否則，可以在可用空間的開頭或結(jié)尾創(chuàng)建分區(qū)，并且cfdisk會要求您選擇將分區(qū)放置在何處。創(chuàng)建分區(qū)后，如果使用了所有主分區(qū)，cfdisk會自動調(diào)整其他分區(qū)的分區(qū)類型。
p
將分區(qū)表打印到屏幕或文件中。您可以選擇不同的分區(qū)格式：
r
原始數(shù)據(jù)格式（正是要寫入磁盤的格式）。
s
分區(qū)順序格式的分區(qū)表。
t
原始格式的分區(qū)表。
如果選擇了寫入命令，則原始數(shù)據(jù)格式將打印將要寫入磁盤的扇區(qū)。首先，打印主分區(qū)表，然后打印與每個邏輯分區(qū)關(guān)聯(lián)的分區(qū)表。數(shù)據(jù)以十六進(jìn)制字節(jié)逐字節(jié)打印，每行16字節(jié)。
扇區(qū)順序格式的分區(qū)表將打印按扇區(qū)號排序的分區(qū)表。字段從左到右分別是分區(qū)號，分區(qū)類型，第一個扇區(qū)，最后一個扇區(qū)，從分區(qū)的第一個扇區(qū)到數(shù)據(jù)開頭的偏移量，分區(qū)的長度，文件系統(tǒng)類型（括號中為十六進(jìn)制值）和標(biāo)志（括號中為十六進(jìn)制值）。除了主分區(qū)和邏輯分區(qū)之外，還會打印第一個邏輯分區(qū)之前的空閑和不可用空間，并打印擴(kuò)展分區(qū)。
如果分區(qū)沒有在圓柱邊界上開始或結(jié)束，或者如果分區(qū)長度不能被圓柱尺寸整除，則在未對齊的扇區(qū)號/計數(shù)之后將打印星號（*）。這通常表明分區(qū)是由操作系統(tǒng)創(chuàng)建的，該操作系統(tǒng)要么未將分區(qū)與柱面邊界對齊，要么使用了不同的磁盤幾何信息。如果您知道其他操作系統(tǒng)的磁盤幾何，則可以使用change geometry命令（g）輸入幾何信息。
對于磁盤上的第一個分區(qū)以及所有邏輯分區(qū)，如果從分區(qū)開始的偏移量不等于每個磁道的扇區(qū)數(shù)（即，數(shù)據(jù)不在第一個磁頭上開始），則用數(shù)字符號（＃）在偏移量之后打印。對于其余分區(qū)，如果偏移量不為零，則將在偏移量后打印一個數(shù)字符號。這對應(yīng)于主顯示屏分區(qū)部分中的NC標(biāo)志。
原始格式的分區(qū)表將打印按分區(qū)號排序的分區(qū)表。它將遺漏所有可用且不可用的空間。字段從左到右分別是分區(qū)號，標(biāo)志（十六進(jìn)制），起始磁頭，扇區(qū)和柱面，文件系統(tǒng)ID（十六進(jìn)制），結(jié)束磁頭，扇區(qū)和柱面，起始分區(qū)中的扇區(qū)和分區(qū)中的扇區(qū)數(shù)。該表中的信息可以直接轉(zhuǎn)換為原始數(shù)據(jù)格式。
分區(qū)表條目只有10位可用于表示起始和結(jié)束柱面。因此，當(dāng)絕對起始（結(jié)束）扇區(qū)號大于1023時，將打印起始（結(jié)束）磁頭，扇區(qū)和柱面的最大值。這是OS / 2使用的方法，因此可以解決與OS / 2的fdisk不在此格式時重寫分區(qū)表有關(guān)的問題。由于Linux和OS / 2使用絕對扇區(qū)數(shù)，因此不使用起始和結(jié)束磁頭，扇區(qū)和柱面中的值。
q
退出程序。該命令將退出程序，而不會將任何數(shù)據(jù)寫入磁盤。
t
更改文件系統(tǒng)類型。默認(rèn)情況下，新分區(qū)被創(chuàng)建為Linux分區(qū)，但是由于cfdisk可以為其他操作系統(tǒng)創(chuàng)建分區(qū)，因此更改分區(qū)類型允許您輸入所需文件系統(tǒng)的十六進(jìn)制值。顯示已知文件系統(tǒng)類型的列表。您可以在提示符下輸入文件系統(tǒng)類型，或接受默認(rèn)的文件系統(tǒng)類型[ Linux ]。
u
更改分區(qū)大小顯示的單位。它將旋轉(zhuǎn)兆字節(jié)，扇區(qū)和柱面。
W
將分區(qū)表寫入磁盤（必須輸入大寫的W）。由于這可能會破壞磁盤上的數(shù)據(jù)，因此您必須輸入“ yes ”或“ no ” 來確認(rèn)或拒絕寫入。如果輸入“ yes ”，則cfdisk會將分區(qū)表寫入磁盤，并告訴內(nèi)核從磁盤重新讀取分區(qū)表。分區(qū)表的重新讀取在某些情況下不起作用，例如對于設(shè)備映射器設(shè)備。在特定情況下，您需要通過partprobe，kpartx或重新引導(dǎo)系統(tǒng)來通知內(nèi)核有關(guān)新分區(qū)的信息。
UpArrow, DownArrow
將光標(biāo)移動到上一個或下一個分區(qū)。如果分區(qū)數(shù)量超出屏幕上顯示的數(shù)量，則可以通過在屏幕上顯示的最后一個（第一個）分區(qū)上向下（向上）移動來顯示下一個（上一個）分區(qū)集。
Ctrl-L
重新繪制屏幕。萬一出了什么問題而又看不懂任何內(nèi)容，則可以從主命令行刷新屏幕。
？
打印幫助屏幕。
所有命令都可以使用大寫或小寫字母輸入（W rites 除外）。在子菜單中或提示輸入文件名時，您可以按Esc鍵返回主命令行。
cfdisk commands can be entered by pressing the desired key (pressing Enter after the command is not necessary). Here is a list of the available commands:
b
Toggle bootable flag of the current partition. This allows you to select which primary partition is bootable on the drive.
d
Delete the current partition. This command will convert the current partition into free space and merge it with any free space immediately surrounding the current partition. A partition already marked as free space or marked as unusable cannot be deleted.
g
Change the disk geometry (cylinders, heads, or sectors-per-track).
WARNING: This option should only be used by people who know what they are doing. A command line option is also available to change the disk geometry. While at the change disk geometry command line, you can choose to change cylinders (c), heads (h), and sectors per track (s). The default value will be printed at the prompt which you can accept by pressing the Enter key, or you can exit without changes by pressing the Esc key. If you want to change the default value, enter the desired value and press Enter. The altered disk parameter values do not take effect until you return to the main menu (by pressing Enter or Esc at the change disk geometry command line). If you change the geometry such that the disk appears larger, the extra sectors are added at the end of the disk as free space. If the disk appears smaller, the partitions that are beyond the new last sector are deleted and the last partition on the drive (or the free space at the end of the drive) is made to end at the new last sector.
h
Print the help screen.
m
Maximize disk usage of the current partition. This command will recover the unused space between the partition table and the beginning of the partition, but at the cost of making the partition incompatible with DOS, OS/2, and possibly other operating systems. This option will toggle between maximal disk usage and DOS, OS/2, etc. compatible disk usage. The default when creating a partition is to create DOS, OS/2, etc. compatible partitions.
n
Create new partition from free space. If the partition type is Primary or Logical, a partition of that type will be created, but if the partition type is Pri/Log, you will be prompted for the type you want to create. Be aware that:
cfdisk next prompts you for the size of the partition you want to create. The default size, equal to the entire free space of the current partition, is displayed in megabytes. You can either press the Enter key to accept the default size or enter a different size at the prompt. cfdisk accepts size entries in megabytes (M) [this is the default], kilobytes (K), cylinders (C) and sectors (S) by entering the number immediately followed by one of (M, K, C or S). If the partition fills the free space available, the partition is created and you are returned to the main command line. Otherwise, the partition can be created at the beginning or the end of the free space, and cfdisk will ask you to choose where to place the partition. After the partition is created, cfdisk automatically adjusts the other partitions' partition types if all the primary partitions are used.
p
Print the partition table to the screen or to a file. There are different formats for the partition that you can choose from:
r
Raw data format (exactly what would be written to disk).
s
Partition table in sector order format.
t
Partition table in raw format.
The raw data format will print the sectors that would be written to disk if a write command is selected. First, the primary partition table is printed, followed by the partition tables associated with each logical partition. The data is printed in hex byte by byte with 16 bytes per line.
The partition table in sector order format will print the partition table ordered by sector number. The fields, from left to right, are the number of the partition, the partition type, the first sector, the last sector, the offset from the first sector of the partition to the start of the data, the length of the partition, the filesystem type (with the hex value in parenthesis), and the flags (with the hex value in parenthesis). In addition to the primary and logical partitions, free and unusable space is printed and the extended partition is printed before the first logical partition.
If a partition does not start or end on a cylinder boundary or if the partition length is not divisible by the cylinder size, an asterisk (*) is printed after the non-aligned sector number/count. This usually indicates that a partition was created by an operating system that either does not align partitions to cylinder boundaries or that used different disk geometry information. If you know the disk geometry of the other operating system, you could enter the geometry information with the change geometry command (g).
For the first partition on the disk and for all logical partitions, if the offset from the beginning of the partition is not equal to the number of sectors per track (i.e., the data does not start on the first head), a number sign (#) is printed after the offset. For the remaining partitions, if the offset is not zero, a number sign will be printed after the offset. This corresponds to the NC flag in the partitions section of the main display.
The partition table in raw format will print the partition table ordered by partition number. It will leave out all free and unusable space. The fields, from left to right, are the number of the partition, the flags (in hex), the starting head, sector, and cylinder, the filesystem ID (in hex), the ending head, sector, and cylinder, the starting sector in the partition and the number of sectors in the partition. The information in this table can be directly translated to the raw data format.
The partition table entries only have 10 bits available to represent the starting and ending cylinders. Thus, when the absolute starting (ending) sector number is on a cylinder greater than 1023, the maximal values for starting (ending) head, sector, and cylinder are printed. This is the method used by OS/2, and thus fixes the problems associated with OS/2's fdisk rewriting the partition table when it is not in this format. Since Linux and OS/2 use absolute sector counts, the values in the starting and ending head, sector, and cylinder are not used.
q
Quit program. This command will exit the program without writing any data to disk.
t
Change the filesystem type. By default, new partitions are created as Linux partitions, but since cfdisk can create partitions for other operating systems, change partition type allows you to enter the hex value of the filesystem you desire. A list of the know filesystem types is displayed. You can type in the filesystem type at the prompt or accept the default filesystem type [Linux].
u
Change units of the partition size display. It will rotate through megabytes, sectors, and cylinders.
W
Write partition table to disk (must enter an uppercase W). Since this might destroy data on the disk, you must either confirm or deny the write by entering "yes" or "no". If you enter "yes," cfdisk will write the partition table to disk and the tell the kernel to re-read the partition table from the disk. The re-reading of the partition table does not work in some cases, for example for device-mapper devices. In particular case you need to inform kernel about new partitions by partprobe, kpartx or reboot the system.
UpArrow, DownArrow
Move cursor to the previous or next partition. If there are more partitions than can be displayed on a screen, you can display the next (previous) set of partitions by moving down (up) at the last (first) partition displayed on the screen.
Ctrl-L
Redraws the screen. In case something goes wrong and you cannot read anything, you can refresh the screen from the main command line.
?
Print the help screen.
All the commands can be entered with either upper or lowercase letters (except for Writes). When in a sub-menu or at a prompt to enter a file name, you can hit the Esc key to return to the main command line.
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命令行選項
-a
使用箭頭光標(biāo)而不是反向視頻突出顯示當(dāng)前分區(qū)。
-g
不要使用磁盤驅(qū)動程序給定的幾何圖形，而是嘗試從分區(qū)表中猜測幾何圖形。
-v
打印版本號和版權(quán)。
-z
從零位分區(qū)表開始。要重新分區(qū)整個磁盤時，此選項很有用。注意：此選項不會將磁盤上的分區(qū)表歸零；而是，它在不讀取現(xiàn)有分區(qū)表的情況下啟動程序。
-c cylinders,
-h heads,
-s sectors-per-track
覆蓋從BIOS讀取的每個磁道的柱面數(shù)，磁頭數(shù)和扇區(qū)數(shù)。如果您的BIOS或適配器不提供此信息，或者提供的信息不正確，請使用以下選項設(shè)置磁盤的幾何值。
-a
Use an arrow cursor instead of reverse video for highlighting the current partition.
-g
Do not use the geometry given by the disk driver, but try to guess a geometry from the partition table.
-v
Print the version number and Copyright.
-z
Start with zeroed partition table. This option is useful when you want to repartition your entire disk. Note: this option does not zero the partition table on the disk; rather, it starts the program without reading the existing partition table.
-c cylinders,
-h heads,
-s sectors-per-track
Override the number of cylinders, heads, and sectors per track read from the BIOS. If your BIOS or adapter does not supply this information or if it supplies incorrect information, use these options to set the disk geometry values.
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cfdisk 示例
使用命令運行cfdisk，以root特權(quán)執(zhí)行該命令
Run cfdisk, using the sudo command to execute the command with root privileges.
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其他命令行
cut | cu | csplit | crontab | cpio | continue | compress | col | cmp | cksum | chsh | chroot | chkey | cd | chmod | cp | comm | chown | cal | calendar | clear | chfn | cancel | cat | cc | checkeq | checknr | chgrp |