The setfaclutility sets Access Control Lists (ACLs) of files and directories. On the command line, a sequence of commands is followed by a sequence of files (which in turn can be followed by another sequence of commands, and so on).
The options -m and -x expect an ACL on the command line. Multiple ACL entries are separated by commas (","). The options -M and -X read an ACL from a file or from standard input. The ACL entry format is described in the ACL Entries section, below.
The --set and --set-file options set the ACL of a file or a directory. The previous ACL is replaced. ACL entries for this operation must include permissions.
The -m (--modify) and -M (--modify-file) options modify the ACL of a file or directory. ACL entries for this operation must include permissions.
The -x (--remove) and -X (--remove-file) options remove ACL entries. It is not an error to remove an entry which does not exist. Only ACL entries without the perms field are accepted as parameters, unless the POSIXLY_CORRECTenvironment variable is defined.
When reading from files using the -M and -X options, setfacl accepts the output produced by getfacl. There is at most one ACL entry per line. After a pound sign ("#"), everything up to the end of the line is treated as a comment.
If setfacl is used on a file system which does not support ACLs, setfacl operates on the file mode permission bits. If the ACL does not fit completely in the permission bits, setfacl modifies the file mode permission bits to reflect the ACL as closely as possible, writes an error message to standard error, and returns with an exit status greater than 0.
The file owner and processes capable of CAP_FOWNER are granted the right to modify ACLs of a file, which is analogous to the permissions required for accessing the file mode.
On current Linux systems, root is the only user with the CAP_FOWNER capability, so you must be the superuser to use setfacl if you are not the owner of the file.
Remove all extended ACL entries. The base ACL entries of the owner, group and others are retained.
-k, --remove-default
Remove the Default ACL. If no Default ACL exists, no warnings are issued.
-n, --no-mask
Do not recalculate the effective rights mask. The default behavior of setfacl is to recalculate the ACL mask entry, unless a mask entry was explicitly given. The mask entry is set to the union of all permissions of the owning group, and all named user and group entries. (These are exactly the entries affected by the mask entry).
--mask
Do recalculate the effective rights mask, even if an ACL mask entry was explicitly given. (See the -n option.)
-d, --default
All operations apply to the Default ACL. Regular ACL entries in the input set are promoted to Default ACL entries. Default ACL entries in the input set are discarded. (A warning is issued if that happens).
--restore=file
Restore a permission backup created by "getfacl -R" or similar. All permissions of a complete directory subtree are restored using this mechanism. If the input contains owner comments or group comments, setfacl attempts to restore the owner and owning group. If the input contains flags comments (which define the setuid, setgid, and sticky bits), setfacl sets those three bits accordingly; otherwise, it clears them. This option cannot be mixed with other options except "--test".
--test
Test mode. Instead of changing the ACLs of any files, the resulting ACLs are listed.
-R, --recursive
Apply operations to all files and directories recursively. This option cannot be mixed with "--restore".
-L, --logical
"Logical walk": follow symbolic links to directories. The default behavior is to follow symbolic link arguments, and skip symbolic links encountered in subdirectories. Only effective in combination with -R. This option cannot be mixed with "--restore".
-P, --physical
"Physical walk": do not follow symbolic links to directories. This also skips symbolic link arguments. Only effective in combination with -R. This option cannot be mixed with "--restore".
-v, --version
Print the version of setfacl, and exit.
-h, --help
Print a help message explaining the command line options.
--
A double-dash marks the end of command line options; all remaining parameters are interpreted as file names. This option is especially useful for file names that start with a dash.
-
If the file name parameter is a single dash, setfacl reads a list of files from standard input.
ACL Entries
setfacl recognizes the following ACL entry formats (spaces in the following formats are optional, but have been included for legibility):
[d[efault]:] [u[ser]:]uid [:perms]
Permissions of the user with user ID uid, or permissions of the file's owner if uid is empty.
[d[efault]:] g[roup]:gid [:perms]
Permissions of the group with group ID gid, or permissions of the owning group if gid is empty.
[d[efault]:] m[ask][:] [:perms]
Effective rights mask.
[d[efault]:] o[ther][:] [:perms]
Permissions of others.
Whitespace between delimitercharacters and non-delimiter characters is ignored.
Proper ACL entries including permissions are used in modify and set operations (options -m, -M, --set and --set-file). Entries without the perms field are used for deletion of entries (options -x and -X).
For uid and gid you can specify either a name or a number.
The perms field is a combination of characters that indicate the permissions: read ("r"), write ("w"), execute ("x"), or "execute only if the file is a directory or already has execute permission for some user" (capital "X"). Alternatively, the perms field can be an octal digit ("0"-"7").
Automatically Created Entries
Initially, files and directories contain only the three base ACL entries for the owner, the group, and others. There are some rules that need to be satisfied for an ACL to be valid:
The three base entries cannot be removed. There must be exactly one entry of each of these base entry types.
Whenever an ACL contains named user entries or named group objects, it must also contain an effective rights mask.
Whenever an ACL contains any Default ACL entries, the three Default ACL base entries (default owner, default group, and default others) must also exist.
Whenever a Default ACL contains named user entries or named group objects, it must also contain a default effective rights mask.
To help the user ensure these rules, setfacl creates entries from existing entries under the following conditions:
/
If an ACL contains named user or named group entries, and no mask entry exists, a mask entry containing the same permissions as the group entry is created. Unless the -n option is given, the permissions of the mask entry are further adjusted to include the union of all permissions affected by the mask entry. (See the -n option description).
If a Default ACL entry is created, and the Default ACL contains no owner, owning group, or others entry, a copy of the ACL owner, owning group, or others entry is added to the Default ACL.
If a Default ACL contains named user entries or named group entries, and no mask entry exists, a mask entry containing the same permissions as the Default ACL's group entry is added. Unless the -n option is given, the permissions of the mask entry are further adjusted to include the union of all permissions affected by the mask entry. (See the -n option description, above).
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setfacl 例子
setfacl -m u:lisa:r file
授予用戶lisa對文件file的讀取訪問權限。
setfacl -m m::rx file
撤消所有組和所有命名用戶（使用有效權限掩碼）對文件file的寫訪問權。
setfacl -x g:staff file
從文件file的ACL中刪除組staff的組條目。
getfacl file1 | setfacl --set-file=- file2
將file1的ACL復制到file2。
getfacl --access dir | setfacl -d -M- dir
將訪問ACL復制到默認ACL。
setfacl -m u:lisa:r file
Grant user lisa read access to file file.
setfacl -m m::rx file
Revoke write access from all groups and all named users (using the effective rights mask) for file file.
setfacl -x g:staff file
Remove the group entry for the group staff from file file's ACL.
setfacl (設置文件訪問控制列表)
在類似Unix的操作系統上，setfacl命令設置文件訪問控制列表。
On Unix-like operating systems, the setfacl command sets file access control lists.
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1 setfacl 運行系統環境
2 setfacl 描述
3 setfacl 語法
4 setfacl 例子
setfacl 運行系統環境
Unix&Linux
setfacl 描述
該setfacl的工具集的訪問控制列表（ACL）的文件和目錄。在命令行上，一系列命令后面是一系列文件（依次是其他文件序列，依此類推）。
選項-m和-x期望在命令行上使用ACL。多個ACL條目用逗號（“ ， ”）分隔。選項-M和-X從文件或標準輸入讀取ACL 。ACL條目格式在下面的“ ACL條目”部分中進行了描述。
該--set和--set-file選項設置一個文件或目錄的訪問控制列表。先前的ACL被替換。此操作的ACL條目必須包含權限。
該-m（--modify）和-M（--modify-file）選項修改文件或目錄的訪問控制列表。此操作的ACL條目必須包含權限。
在-x（--remove）和-X（--remove-file）選項中刪除ACL條目。刪除不存在的條目不是錯誤。除非定義了POSIXLY_CORRECT環境變量，否則只有不具有perms字段的ACL條目才能被接受為參數。
使用-M和-X選項從文件讀取時，setfacl接受getfacl產生的輸出。每行最多有一個ACL條目。在井號（“ ＃ ”）之后，直到行尾的所有內容都被視為注釋。
如果在不支持ACL的文件系統上使用setfacl，則setfacl會在文件模式權限bit上運行。如果ACL不能完全適合權限位，則setfacl修改文件模式權限位以盡可能接近ACL，將錯誤消息寫入標準錯誤，并以大于0的退出狀態返回。
授予文件所有者和具有CAP_FOWNER能力的進程修改文件ACL的權限，類似于訪問文件模式所需的權限。
在當前的Linux系統上，root是唯一具有CAP_FOWNER功能的用戶，因此，如果您不是文件的所有者，則您必須是超級用戶才能使用setfacl。
The options -m and -x expect an ACL on the command line. Multiple ACL entries are separated by commas (","). The options -M and -X read an ACL from a file or from standard input. The ACL entry format is described in the ACL Entries section, below.
The --set and --set-file options set the ACL of a file or a directory. The previous ACL is replaced. ACL entries for this operation must include permissions.
The -m (--modify) and -M (--modify-file) options modify the ACL of a file or directory. ACL entries for this operation must include permissions.
The -x (--remove) and -X (--remove-file) options remove ACL entries. It is not an error to remove an entry which does not exist. Only ACL entries without the perms field are accepted as parameters, unless the POSIXLY_CORRECT environment variable is defined.
When reading from files using the -M and -X options, setfacl accepts the output produced by getfacl. There is at most one ACL entry per line. After a pound sign ("#"), everything up to the end of the line is treated as a comment.
If setfacl is used on a file system which does not support ACLs, setfacl operates on the file mode permission bits. If the ACL does not fit completely in the permission bits, setfacl modifies the file mode permission bits to reflect the ACL as closely as possible, writes an error message to standard error, and returns with an exit status greater than 0.
The file owner and processes capable of CAP_FOWNER are granted the right to modify ACLs of a file, which is analogous to the permissions required for accessing the file mode.
On current Linux systems, root is the only user with the CAP_FOWNER capability, so you must be the superuser to use setfacl if you are not the owner of the file.
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setfacl 語法
setfacl [-bkndRLPvh] [{-m|-x} acl_spec] [{-M|-X} acl_file] file ...選件
ACL條目
setfacl可以識別以下ACL條目格式（以下格式的空格是可選的，但為了清楚起見已將其包括在內）：
分隔 符和非分隔符之間的空格將被忽略。
正確的ACL條目，包括權限用于修改和設置操作（選項-m，-M，--set和--set文件）。沒有perms字段的條目用于刪除條目（選項-x和-X）。
對于uid和gid，您可以指定名稱或數字。
該燙發場是一個指示權限字符的組合：讀取（" - r"），寫（"w "），執行（"X ”），或者“只執行，如果該文件是一個目錄或已經執行權限某些用戶”（大寫的“ X ”）。或者，權限字段可以是八進制數字（“ 0 ”-“ 7 ”）。
自動創建的條目
最初，文件和目錄僅包含所有者，組和其他所有者的三個基本ACL條目。要使ACL有效，需要滿足一些規則：
為了幫助用戶確保這些規則，setfacl在以下條件下從現有條目創建條目：
setfacl [-bkndRLPvh] [{-m|-x} acl_spec] [{-M|-X} acl_file] file ...Options
ACL Entries
setfacl recognizes the following ACL entry formats (spaces in the following formats are optional, but have been included for legibility):
Whitespace between delimiter characters and non-delimiter characters is ignored.
Proper ACL entries including permissions are used in modify and set operations (options -m, -M, --set and --set-file). Entries without the perms field are used for deletion of entries (options -x and -X).
For uid and gid you can specify either a name or a number.
The perms field is a combination of characters that indicate the permissions: read ("r"), write ("w"), execute ("x"), or "execute only if the file is a directory or already has execute permission for some user" (capital "X"). Alternatively, the perms field can be an octal digit ("0"-"7").
Automatically Created Entries
Initially, files and directories contain only the three base ACL entries for the owner, the group, and others. There are some rules that need to be satisfied for an ACL to be valid:
To help the user ensure these rules, setfacl creates entries from existing entries under the following conditions:
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setfacl 例子
授予用戶lisa對文件file的讀取訪問權限。
撤消所有組和所有命名用戶（使用有效權限掩碼）對文件file的寫訪問權。
從文件file的ACL中刪除組staff的組條目。
將file1的ACL復制到file2。
將訪問ACL復制到默認ACL。
Grant user lisa read access to file file.
Revoke write access from all groups and all named users (using the effective rights mask) for file file.
Remove the group entry for the group staff from file file's ACL.
Copy the ACL of file1 to file2.
Copy the access ACL into the default ACL.
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其他命令行
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