On Unix-like operating systems, the last command displays a list of the most recently logged in users.
On Linux operating systems, the supplemental lastb command displays a list of bad (failed) logins.
This document describes the GNU/Linux version of last and lastb.
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目錄
1 last 運行系統環境
2 last 說明
3 last 語法
4 last 例子
last 運行系統環境
Linux
last 說明
在last命令搜索通過后的文件 在/ var /日志/ wtmp文件（或由指定文件-f標志）登錄的所有用戶的列表（進出），因為該文件被創建和顯示。可以給出用戶名和tty的名稱，在這種情況下，last僅顯示與arguments匹配的條目。ttys的名稱可以縮寫，因此last 0與last tty0相同。
該lastb命令的功能類似于持續。通過默認情況下，lastb列表文件的內容在/ var /日志/ btmp等，其中包含在系統上的所有壞的登錄嘗試。
The last command searches back through the file /var/log/wtmp (or the file designated by the -f flag) and displays a list of all users logged in (and out) since that file was created. Names of users and tty's can be given, in which case last shows only those entries matching the arguments. Names of ttys can be abbreviated, thus last 0 is the same as last tty0.
When last catches a SIGINT signal (generated by the interrupt key, usually control-C) or a SIGQUIT signal (generated by the quit key, usually control-\), last shows how far it has searched through the file; in the case of the SIGINT signal, last will then terminate.
The pseudo-user "reboot" logs in each time the system is rebooted. Thus last reboot shows a log of all reboots since the log file was created.
The lastb command functions similarly to last. By default, lastb lists the contents of file /var/log/btmp, which contains all bad login attempts made on the system.
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last 語法
last [-R] [-num] [ -n num ] [-adFiowx] [ -f file ] [ -t YYYYMMDDHHMMSS ] [ name...] [tty...]
Tells last to use a specific file instead of /var/log/wtmp.
-num
This is a count telling last how many lines to show.
-n num
same as above; display num lines.
-t YYYYMMDDHHMMSS
Display the state of logins as of the specified time. This is useful, e.g., to determine easily who was logged in at a particular time; specify that time with -t and look for "still logged in".
-R
Suppresses the display of the hostname field.
-a
Display the hostname in the last column. Useful in combination with the flag -d.
-d
For non-local logins, Linux stores not only the hostname of the remote host but its IP number as well. This option translates the IP number back into a hostname.
-F
Print full login and logout times and dates.
-i
This option is like -d in that it displays the IP number of the remote host, but it displays the IP number in numbers-and-dots notation.
-o
Read an old-type wtmp file (written by linux-libc5 applications).
-w
Display full user and domain names in the output.
-x
Display the system shutdown entries and run level changes.
root pts/1 55.98.0.130 Fri Nov 14 18:52 - 22:16 (03:23)
root pts/0 c-57-161-249-108 Fri Nov 14 05:45 - 03:09 (1+21:23)
mrhope pts/0 c-57-161-249-109 Wed Nov 12 06:51 - 03:14 (1+20:22)
root pts/1 c-57-161-249-108 Tue Nov 11 19:53 - 05:03 (09:09)
root pts/1 55.98.0.130 Wed Nov 5 07:35 - 11:14 (03:39)
root pts/0 c-57-161-249-108 Wed Nov 5 06:20 - 21:10 (6+14:49)
root pts/0 55.98.0.130 Tue Nov 4 13:32 - 14:02 (00:30)
root tty7 Tue Nov 4 12:24 - down (31+12:37)
last reboot | less
顯示上次重新啟動時間，類似于以下示例。
reboot system boot 3.6.12-502.el6.x Sun May 31 03:59 - 12:01 (08:02)
reboot system boot 3.6.12-502.el6.x Fri May 29 07:17 - 12:01 (2+04:43)
reboot system boot 3.6.12-502.el6.x Wed May 27 02:37 - 12:01 (4+09:23)
reboot system boot 3.6.12-502.el6.x Tue May 26 16:42 - 16:43 (00:00)
reboot system boot 3.6.12-502.el6.x Tue May 5 22:04 - 16:41 (20+18:36)
last -x | less
顯示上次關閉時間，類似于以下示例。
root pst/0 c-124-12-121-132 Sun May 31 10:17 still logged in
run level (to lvl 3) 3.6.12-502.el6.x Sun May 31 03:59 - 12:02 (08:03)
reboot system boot 3.6.12-502.el6.x Sun May 31 03:59 - 12:02 (08:03)
root pts/0 c-124-12-121-132 Fri May 29 07:42 - crash (1+20:16)
root pts/0 control.comphope Fri May 29 07:24 - 07:27 (00:03)
runlevel (to lvl 3) 3.6.12-502.el6.x Fri May 29 07:17 - 03:59 (1+20:41)
reboot system boot 3.6.12-502.el6.x Fri May 29 07:17 - 12:02 (2+04:45)
root pts/1 c-124-12-121-132 Thu May 28 01:25 - crash (1+05:51)
hope pts/0 c-124-12-121-132 Wed May 27 03:18 - crash (2+03:59)
runlevel (to lvl 3) 3.6.12-502.el6.x Wed May 27 02:37 - 07:17 (2+04:39)
reboot system boot 3.6.12-502.el6.x Wed May 27 02:37 - 12:02 (4+09:25)
shutdown system down 3.6.12-502.el6.x Tue May 26 16:43 - 02:37 (09:54)
last (顯示最近登錄用戶的列表)
在類似Unix的操作系統上，last命令顯示最近登錄 用戶的列表。 在Linux操作系統上，補充的lastb命令顯示錯誤（失敗）登錄的列表。 本文檔介紹了last和lastb的GNU / Linux版本。
On Unix-like operating systems, the last command displays a list of the most recently logged in users. On Linux operating systems, the supplemental lastb command displays a list of bad (failed) logins. This document describes the GNU/Linux version of last and lastb.
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1 last 運行系統環境
2 last 說明
3 last 語法
4 last 例子
last 運行系統環境
Linux
last 說明
在last命令搜索通過后的文件 在/ var /日志/ wtmp文件（或由指定文件-f標志）登錄的所有用戶的列表（進出），因為該文件被創建和顯示。可以給出用戶名和tty的名稱，在這種情況下，last僅顯示與arguments匹配的條目。ttys的名稱可以縮寫，因此last 0與last tty0相同。
當last捕獲一個SIGINT 信號（由中斷鍵，通常是control-C生成）或SIGQUIT信號（由退出鍵，通常是control- \生成）時，last顯示它已在文件中搜索了多遠。在SIGINT信號的情況下，last將終止。
每次重新引導系統時，偽用戶“ reboot”都會登錄。因此，上次重新啟動會顯示自創建日志文件以來所有重新啟動的日志。
該lastb命令的功能類似于持續。通過默認情況下，lastb列表文件的內容在/ var /日志/ btmp等，其中包含在系統上的所有壞的登錄嘗試。
The last command searches back through the file /var/log/wtmp (or the file designated by the -f flag) and displays a list of all users logged in (and out) since that file was created. Names of users and tty's can be given, in which case last shows only those entries matching the arguments. Names of ttys can be abbreviated, thus last 0 is the same as last tty0.
When last catches a SIGINT signal (generated by the interrupt key, usually control-C) or a SIGQUIT signal (generated by the quit key, usually control-\), last shows how far it has searched through the file; in the case of the SIGINT signal, last will then terminate.
The pseudo-user "reboot" logs in each time the system is rebooted. Thus last reboot shows a log of all reboots since the log file was created.
The lastb command functions similarly to last. By default, lastb lists the contents of file /var/log/btmp, which contains all bad login attempts made on the system.
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last 語法
選件
告訴last使用特定文件而不是/ var / log / wtmp。
這是一個告訴last顯示多少行的計數。
Options
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last 例子
沒有參數運行最后一次將顯示與以下示例類似的結果。每行以帳戶名開頭（在本例中為“ root ”和“ mrhope ”）。
顯示上次重新啟動時間，類似于以下示例。
顯示上次關閉時間，類似于以下示例。
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其他命令行
link | ldd | ln | login | ls | lsmod | lpstat | losetup | lprm | lpr | lpq | lp | lpc | locate | logname | lpadmin |