If you are configuring the X windowing system for use on multiple clients, the xrdb program can be useful by helping you maintain multiple resource files in one unified resource database. The resources are stored on the X server, where they are accessible to any clients that connect to that server.
The xrdb command can be run interactively from the command line, or it can be included in your .xinitrc or .xsession file so that it initializes resources at login.
! My favorite xscreensaver dialog and button foreground colors: light gray
xscreensaver.Dialog.Button.foreground: #101010
screensaver.Dialog.foreground: #101010
Using wildcards
xrdb will interpret an asterisk ("*") as a wildcard, similar to using the asterisk when specifying file names in a shell. For instance, to set all xscreensaver "Dialog" resources to the same value, you could use the line:
xscreenaver*Dialog*: #101010
...or, to set the "Dialog" resources for every application:
*Dialog*: #101010
Examples of typical resources
Xft, the application which controls the rendering of fonts in X, can be configured with the following standard resources values:
您可以在我們的 xterm 文檔中找到其他 xterm資源的名稱及其值。通常，在配置 X 應用程序的資源時，請咨詢應用程序的網頁了解詳細信息。
xrdb [-option ...] [file name]
The file name is optional, and specifies a file which contains the values of client variables ("resources") to be read. If no file name is specified, xrdb will expect these values to be provided via standard input. xrdb will overwrite its values with whatever you provide; so, if you run xrdb with no file name (starting it in interactive mode), and then enter no values, any values already loaded by your init scripts will be overwritten as valueless.
The values can be stored in a file named anything at all, but the file is commonly named .Xresources or .Xdefaults. .Xdefaults is a deprecated name in modern implementations; .Xresources is the preferred file name.
.Xresources is often loaded with xrdb automatically when xinit is called by your startup script. But if you'd like to make changes to the resource database manually, or change how xrdb is invoked in your scripts, you can invoke xrdb with these options.
Options
-help
Display a brief help message.
-displaydisplay
Specifies the X server to be used (see X for more information about multiple X displays). This option also specifies the screen to use for the -screen option.
-all
This option indicates that any other operation specified should be performed on the screen-independent resource property (RESOURCE_MANAGER), as well as the screen-specific property (SCREEN_RESOURCES) on every screen of the display. For example, when used in conjunction with -query, the contents of all properties are output. For -load, -override and -merge, the input file is processed once for each screen. The resources which occur in common in the output for every screen are collected, and these are applied as the screen-independent resources. The remaining resources are applied for each per-screen property. This the default mode of operation.
-global
Indicates that the operation should only be performed on the screen-independent RESOURCE_MANAGER property.
-screen
This option indicates that the operation should only be performed on the SCREEN_RESOURCES property of the default screen of the display.
-screens
This option indicates that the operation should be performed on the SCREEN_RESOURCES property of each screen of the display. For -load, -override and -merge, the input file is processed for each screen.
-n
Show changes, but do not write them to the database. When specified, -n indicates changes to the specified properties (when used with -load, -override or -merge) or the resource file (when used with -edit) should be shown on the standard output, but not performed.
-quiet
Quiet mode; specifically, any warnings about duplicate entries will not be displayed.
-cppfile name
xrdb uses a C preprocessor to interpret input; this option specifies the pathname of which C preprocessor program should be used. Although xrdb was designed to use the standard CPP, any program that acts as a filter and accepts the -D, -I, and -U options may be used.
This option should not be needed for typical users.
-nocpp
This option indicates that xrdb should not run the input file through a preprocessor before loading it into properties.
-symbols
Preprocessor-specific symbols will be printed onto the standard output. This option is useful for debugging purposes, and should not be needed for typical users.
-query
Query the database for the current contents of the specified properties, and print them to standard output. This option allows you to see what values are currently set.
-load
This option indicates that the input should be loaded as the new value of the specified properties, replacing whatever was there (i.e. the old contents are removed). This option is the default action.
-override
This option indicates that the input should be added to, instead of replacing, the current contents of the specified properties. If new entries overlap previous entries, the new ones will override the previous values.
-merge
This option indicates that the input should be merged and lexicographically sorted with, instead of replacing, the current contents of the specified properties.
-remove
Indicates that the specified properties should be removed from the database.
-retain
This option indicates that the server should be instructed not to reset if xrdb is the first client. This option should never be necessary under normal conditions since xdm and xinit always act as the first client.
-editfile name
This option indicates that the contents of the specified properties should be edited into the given file, replacing any values already listed there. This option allows you to put changes that you have made to your defaults back into your resource file, preserving any comments or preprocessor lines.
-backupstring
This option specifies a suffix to be appended to the file name used with -edit to generate a backup file.
-Dname[=value]
This option is passed through to the preprocessor and is used to define symbols for use with conditionals.
-Uname
This option is passed through to the preprocessor and is used to remove any definitions of this symbol.
-Idirectory
This option is passed through to the preprocessor and specifies a directory to search for files that are referenced with #include.
Syntax of an x resource
The general form of an X resource entry is:
name.Class.resource:value
The name is the name of the application, for instance "xterm" or "xscreensaver".
The class is the class of resources, such as "Dialog" or "Scrollbar". The name of a class often starts with an uppercase letter.
The resource is the name of the resource of the named application, in the resource class specified, to be changed. Resource names are often in "camel case", they start with a lowercase letter, and use uppercase letters in the name when there is a new word. For instance, "buttonFont".
The value is the value of the resource.
So, the following resource entry would set the resource "foreground", of the "Dialog" class of resources, of the application "xscreensaver":
xscreensaver.Dialog.foreground: #101010
With this resource value set, the dialog boxes of the xscreensaver application has the hexadecimalcolor value#101010.
Classes can also have sub-classes. For instance, the screensaver "Dialog" class has a sub-class "Button", which also takes a color value. To set the foreground resource to the same gray color, you could use the line:
xscreensaver.Dialog.Button.foreground: #101010
Using comments in your resource file
If a line in your resource file starts with an exclamation point "!", it will considered a comment and ignored by xrdb. So, you could include these lines in your resource file, for instance:
! My favorite xscreensaver dialog and button foreground colors: light gray
xscreensaver.Dialog.Button.foreground: #101010
screensaver.Dialog.foreground: #101010
Using wildcards
xrdb will interpret an asterisk ("*") as a wildcard, similar to using the asterisk when specifying file names in a shell. For instance, to set all xscreensaver "Dialog" resources to the same value, you could use the line:
xscreenaver*Dialog*: #101010
...or, to set the "Dialog" resources for every application:
*Dialog*: #101010
Examples of typical resources
Xft, the application which controls the rendering of fonts in X, can be configured with the following standard resources values:
You can find the names of additional xterm resources and their values in our xterm documentation. In general, when configuring an X application's resources, it's a good idea to consult the application's man page for details.
Open the server resource database utility in interactive mode. Values can be entered manually, and you can enter Ctrl-D when you are finished to be returned to the command line. If you enter nothing, any values already stored in the database will be removed.
Entering the values manually is the least-convenient way to access the resource database, and it's easy to make a typo. It's much more common is to load values from a resource file, as in the next example.
xrdb -load ~/.Xresources
Load the file .Xresources in your home directory and write the values contained in it to the database. This command is often performed automatically when you start an X session, but this command will force a re-load of the resource values contained in the file, overwriting any other values stored in the database.
xrdb -query
Query the resource database to see what variables and values are currently set. Output will resemble the following sample contents of an X resources file:
Merge the values listed in the file my-xr-values with any resource values currently stored in the database. This command is an alternative to overwriting all values with -load, for instance.
You could also use the -merge option without a file name, in which case you could manually enter a value (or values) and your entry would be merged with values already in the database. For instance, if you run
xrdb -merge
...and then type:
xterm.AllowBoldFonts.allowBoldFonts: true
...and then press Ctrl-D to terminate the entry, your resource database would store that value to the database, without removing any previous values stored. Any subsequent xterm sessions would use this value, and display bold font faces if called for.
xrdb (X 窗口服務器資源數據庫實用程序)
在類似 Unix 一樣的操作系統上，xrdb命令是X 窗口服務器資源數據庫實用程序。
On Unix-like operating systems, the xrdb command is the X window server resource database utility.
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1 xrdb 運行系統環境
2 xrdb 描述
3 xrdb 語法
4 xrdb 例子
xrdb 運行系統環境
Unix&Linux
xrdb 描述
如果要將 X 窗口系統配置為在多個客戶端上使用，xrdb程序可以通過幫助您在一個統一的資源數據庫中維護多個資源文件而非常有用。資源存儲在 X 服務器上，連接到該服務器的任何客戶端都可以訪問這些資源。
xrdb命令可以從命令行以交互方式運行，也可以包含在.xinitrc或.xsession 文件中，以便它在登錄時初始化資源。
If you are configuring the X windowing system for use on multiple clients, the xrdb program can be useful by helping you maintain multiple resource files in one unified resource database. The resources are stored on the X server, where they are accessible to any clients that connect to that server.
The xrdb command can be run interactively from the command line, or it can be included in your .xinitrc or .xsession file so that it initializes resources at login.
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xrdb 語法
文件名是可選的，并指定一個包含要讀取的客戶端變量（"資源"）的值的文件。如果未指定文件名，xrdb將期望通過標準輸入提供這些值。xrdb將用您提供的任何值覆蓋其值;因此，如果運行xrdb時沒有文件名（在交互模式下啟動），然后不輸入任何值，則 init 腳本已加載的任何值都將覆蓋為無值。
這些值可以存儲在名為"任何內容"的文件中，但該文件通常名為。X 資源或 。Xdefaults..在現代實現中，Xdefault是一個棄用的名稱;.X 資源是首選文件名。
.Xresources調用xinit 時，X資源通常自動加載xrdb。但是，如果您要手動更改資源數據庫，或更改腳本中調用 xrdb的方法，可以使用這些選項調用 xrdb。
選項
對于典型用戶，不應需要
此選項。
x 資源的語法
X 資源條目的一般形式是：
\ 名稱是應用程序的名稱，例如"xterm"或"xscreensaver"。 \ 類是資源類，如"對話框"或"滾動條"。類的名稱通常以大寫字母開頭。 \ 資源是指定資源類中要更改的命名應用程序的資源的名稱。資源名稱通常以"camel 大小寫"開頭，以小寫字母開頭，并在有新單詞時在名稱中使用大寫字母。例如，"按鈕Font"。 \ 該值是資源的值。 \因此，以下資源條目將設置"前景"，資源類的"對話框"資源類，應用程序"xscreensaver"：
使用此資源值集，xscreensaver 應用程序的對話框具有十六進制顏色值#101010 。
類也可以具有子
類。例如，屏幕保護程序[對話框]類有一個子類[按鈕]，這也采取顏色值。若要將前景資源設置為相同的灰色，可以使用以下行：
在資源文件中使用注釋
如果資源文件中的一行以感嘆號"！" 開頭，它將考慮注釋，由xrdb 忽略。因此，您可以在資源文件中包括這些行，例如：
Using wildcards
xrdb will interpret an asterisk ("*") as a wildcard, similar to using the asterisk when specifying file names in a shell. For instance, to set all xscreensaver "Dialog" resources to the same value, you could use the line:
...or, to set the "Dialog" resources for every application:
Examples of typical resources
Xft, the application which controls the rendering of fonts in X, can be configured with the following standard resources values:
xterm是默認的 X 終端仿真器。xterm 的典型資源值包括：
您可以在我們的 xterm 文檔中找到其他 xterm 資源的名稱及其值。通常，在配置 X 應用程序的資源時，請咨詢應用程序的網頁了解詳細信息。
The file name is optional, and specifies a file which contains the values of client variables ("resources") to be read. If no file name is specified, xrdb will expect these values to be provided via standard input. xrdb will overwrite its values with whatever you provide; so, if you run xrdb with no file name (starting it in interactive mode), and then enter no values, any values already loaded by your init scripts will be overwritten as valueless.
The values can be stored in a file named anything at all, but the file is commonly named .Xresources or .Xdefaults. .Xdefaults is a deprecated name in modern implementations; .Xresources is the preferred file name.
.Xresources is often loaded with xrdb automatically when xinit is called by your startup script. But if you'd like to make changes to the resource database manually, or change how xrdb is invoked in your scripts, you can invoke xrdb with these options.
Options
This option should not be needed for typical users.
Syntax of an x resource
The general form of an X resource entry is:
So, the following resource entry would set the resource "foreground", of the "Dialog" class of resources, of the application "xscreensaver":
With this resource value set, the dialog boxes of the xscreensaver application has the hexadecimal color value #101010.
Classes can also have sub-classes. For instance, the screensaver "Dialog" class has a sub-class "Button", which also takes a color value. To set the foreground resource to the same gray color, you could use the line:
Using comments in your resource file
If a line in your resource file starts with an exclamation point "!", it will considered a comment and ignored by xrdb. So, you could include these lines in your resource file, for instance:
Using wildcards
xrdb will interpret an asterisk ("*") as a wildcard, similar to using the asterisk when specifying file names in a shell. For instance, to set all xscreensaver "Dialog" resources to the same value, you could use the line:
...or, to set the "Dialog" resources for every application:
Examples of typical resources
Xft, the application which controls the rendering of fonts in X, can be configured with the following standard resources values:
xterm is the default X terminal emulator. Typical resource values for xterm include:
You can find the names of additional xterm resources and their values in our xterm documentation. In general, when configuring an X application's resources, it's a good idea to consult the application's man page for details.
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xrdb 例子
在交互模式下打開服務器資源數據庫實用程序。可以手動輸入值，并在完成返回命令行后輸入Ctrl-D。如果未輸入任何內容，則數據庫中已存儲的任何值都將被刪除。
手動輸入值是訪問資源數據庫最不方便的方法，而且很容易出現拼寫錯誤。更常見的是從資源文件加載值，如下一個示例所示。
加載文件。X 資源在主目錄中，然后將其中包含的值寫入數據庫。啟動 X 會話時通常會自動執行此命令，但此命令將強制重新加載文件中包含的資源值，覆蓋數據庫中存儲的其他值。
查詢資源數據庫以查看當前設置的變量和值。輸出將類似于 X 資源文件的以下示例內容：
將文件中列出的值my-xr 值與數據庫中當前存儲的任何資源值合并。例如，此命令是用 -load 覆蓋所有值的替代方法。
您還可以使用不帶文件名的-merge選項，在這種情況下，您可以手動輸入值（或值），并且您的條目將與數據庫中已有的值合并。例如，如果您運行
...然后鍵入：
...然后按Ctrl-D終止條目，資源數據庫會將該值存儲到數據庫中，而不刪除以前存儲的任何值。任何后續xterm會話將使用此值，并且在調用時顯示粗體字體。
Open the server resource database utility in interactive mode. Values can be entered manually, and you can enter Ctrl-D when you are finished to be returned to the command line. If you enter nothing, any values already stored in the database will be removed.
Entering the values manually is the least-convenient way to access the resource database, and it's easy to make a typo. It's much more common is to load values from a resource file, as in the next example.
Load the file .Xresources in your home directory and write the values contained in it to the database. This command is often performed automatically when you start an X session, but this command will force a re-load of the resource values contained in the file, overwriting any other values stored in the database.
Query the resource database to see what variables and values are currently set. Output will resemble the following sample contents of an X resources file:
Merge the values listed in the file my-xr-values with any resource values currently stored in the database. This command is an alternative to overwriting all values with -load, for instance.
You could also use the -merge option without a file name, in which case you could manually enter a value (or values) and your entry would be merged with values already in the database. For instance, if you run
...and then type:
...and then press Ctrl-D to terminate the entry, your resource database would store that value to the database, without removing any previous values stored. Any subsequent xterm sessions would use this value, and display bold font faces if called for.
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其他命令行
xfd | xargs | xhost | xinit | xlsfonts | xset |